Abstract
The equilibrium position of a homogeneous reversible chemical reaction in solutions in the case when at least one component is of limited solubility in the reaction mixture differs from the state when all components are unlimitedly soluble. Calculations of the minimum Gibbs energy in the model of extremely dilute solutions, according to Le Chatelier’s principle allow formulating the rule: if all other things being equal and unaltered, an increase in the solubility of a component in the reaction mixture shifts the position of homogeneous equilibrium towards an increase in its content. The results obtained can be generalized to the kinetics of reactions in terms of the influence of solvents. The theoretical foundations of a new lever for optimization of chemical processes were developed.
REFERENCES
Hartley, F.R., Burgess, C., and Alcock, R.M., Solution in Equilibria, New York: Ellis Horwood, 1983.
Walas, S., Phase Equilibria in Chemical Engineering, Boston: Butterworth, 1989.
Isaeva, V.A., Sharnin, V.A., Grazhdan, K.V., and Kipyatkov, K.A., Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A, 2021, vol. 95, no. 7, pp. 1350–1357. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036024421060169
Derevich, I.V., Theoret. Foudations Chem. Eng., 2008, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 299–304. https://doi.org/10.1134/S004057950803010X
Mchedlov-Petrosyan, N.O. and Kholin, Yu.V., Russ. J. Appl. Chem., 2004, vol. 77, no. 3, pp. 414–422. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:RJAC.0000031281.69081.d0
Prigogine, I. and Defay, R., Chemical Thermodynamics, London: Longman, 1954.
Atkins, P., Physical Chemistry, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
Sykes, P., Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, London: Pearson PLC, 1996.
Novyi spravochnik khimika i tekhnologa. Khimicheskoe ravnovesie. Svoistva rastvorov (New Reference Book for Chemist and Technologist. Chemical Balance. Properties of Solutions), Simanova, S.A., Ed., St. Petersburg: NPO Professional, 2007.
Funding
This work was supported by ongoing institutional funding. No additional grants to carry out or direct this particular research were obtained.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The author declares that there is no conflict of interest that requires disclosure in this article.
Additional information
Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, No. 3, pp. 282–286, August, 2023 https://doi.org/10.31857/S0044461823030064
Publisher's Note. Pleiades Publishing remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zevatskii, Y.E. Homogeneous Equilibrium in Solutions with Limited Solubility of Components. Russ J Appl Chem 96, 310–314 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427223030060
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427223030060