Abstract
In this research, at first, the tragacanth was carboxymethylated by monochloroacetic acid. Then the obtained carboxymethyl tragacanth (CMT) was reacted with a para-phenylene diamine to synthesize aminated CMT. The aminated CMT was grafted by polyaniline in various ratios by in-situ graft polymerization of aniline. The poly(aniline-co-melamine) copolymer was grafted on the aminated CMT by the in-situ graft copolymerization in various ratios consecutively. By the mentioned method, various conductive grated tragacanth were synthesized. After these steps, the conductive composites based on PANI and its copolymer with melamine grafted on tragacanth were prepared by the simple mixing method with PSMAC and MMT. The obtained grafted copolymers and their related nanocomposites were characterized by various techniques such as FT-IR, TGA, XRD, and SEM. The conductivity of the prepared samples was measured by two-probe chronoamperometry methods and the synthesized nanocomposites showed electrical conductivity. Furthermore, a solubility test was carried out for synthesized samples, and increases were observed in comparison to pure PANI.
REFERENCES
Agate, S., Joyce, M., Lucia, L., and Pal, L., Carbohydrate Polymers, 2018, vol. 198, pp. 249–260.
Guo, R., Qi, L., Mo, Z., Wu, Q., and Yang, S., Iranian Polymer Journal, 2017, vol. 26, pp. 423–430.
Pang, H., Xu, L., Yan, D.X., and Li, Z.M., Prog. Polym. Sci., 2014, vol. 39, pp. 1908–1933.
Ma, L.F., Bao, R.Y., Huang, S.L., Liu, Z.Y., Yang, W., Xie, B.H., and Yang, M.B., J. Mater. Sci., 2013, vol. 48, pp. 4942–4951.
Deng, H., Lin, L., Ji, M.Z., Zhang, S.M., Yang, M.B., and Fu, Q., Prog. Polym. Sci., 2014, vol. 39, pp. 627–655
Genies, E.M., Boyle, A., Lapkowski, M., and Tsintavis, C., Synthetic Metals, 1990, vol. 36, pp. 139-182.
Bhadra, S., Khastgir, D., Singha, N.K., and Lee, J.H., Progress in Polymer Science, 2009, vol. 34, pp. 783–810.
Heydari, M., Najafi Moghadam, P., Fareghi, A.R., Bahram, M., and Movagharnezhad, M., Polym. Adv. Technol., 2015, vol. 26, pp. 250–254.
Farias-Mancilla, R., Elizalde-Galindo, J.T., Vigueras-Santiago, E., Hernandez Escobar, C.A., Vega-Rios, A., and Zaragoza-Contreras, E.A., Int. J. Theor. Appl. Nanotechnol., 2016, vol. 4, pp. 1–8.
Najafi Moghadama, P., Khalafy, J., and Taheri, T., Polym. Adv. Technol., 2010, vol. 21, pp. 235–243.
Shi, Z., Gao, X., Ullah, M.W., Li, S., Wang, Q., and Yang, G., Biomaterials, 2016, vol. 111, pp. 40–54.
Huang, Y., Kormakov, S., He, X., Gao, X., Zheng, X., Liu, Y., Sun, J., and Wu, D., Polymers, 2019, vol. 11, p. 187
Nazarzadeh Zare, E., Makvandi, P., and Tay, F.R., Carbohydrate Polymers, 2019, vol. 15, pp. 450–467.
Behrouzi, M. and Najafi Moghadam, P., Carbohydrate Polymers, 2018, vol. 202, pp. 227–235.
Khairkar, S.R. and Raut, A.R., American Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 2014, vol. 2, pp. 62–67.
Pandey, S. and Ramontja, J., International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2016, vol. 89, pp. 89–98.
Rajeev, K.K., Kim, E., Nam, J., Lee, S., Mun, J., and Tae-Hyun Kim, T.-H., Electrochimica Acta, 2020, vol. 333, ID 135532.
Rashid, I.A., Tariq, A., Fayzan Shakir, H.M., Afzal, A., Ali, F., Abuzar, M.H., Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2022, vol. 41, pp. 34–45.
Maroufi, P., Najafi Moghadam, P., and Vahabi, H., Polymers, 2020, vol. 150, ID 104548.
Azarpour, H., Najafi Moghadam, P., Ehsanimehr, S., and Vahabi, H., Iranian Polymer Journal, 2022, vol. 31, pp. 1033–1045.
Henry, S.M., El-Sayed, M.E.H., Pirie, C.R.M., and Hoffman, A.S., Stayton, P.S., Biomacromolecules, 2006, vol. 7, pp. 2407–2414.
SaruchiVaneet, K., Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2019, vol. 12, pp. 316–329.
Kenane, A., Galca, A.-C., Matei, E., Yahiaoui, A., Hachemaoui, A., Benkouider, A.M., Bartha, C., Istrate, M.C., Galatanu, M., and Rasoga, O., Applied Clay Science, 2020, vol. 184, ID 105395.
Askeland, D.R., Fulay, P.P., and Wright, W.J., The Science and Engineering of Materials, Cengage Learning, 2010.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors wish to acknowledge financial support from Urmia University. There is no conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
There is no conflict of interest to declare.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kianfar, H., Moghadam, P.N. Synthesis of Novel Conductive Nanocomposites Based on Polyaniline and Poly(aniline–co-melamine) Grafted on Tragacanth. Russ J Appl Chem 95, 1448–1458 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S107042722209021X
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S107042722209021X