Skip to main content
Log in

Thermochemistry of lignin

  • Review
  • Published:
Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Thermochemical reactions occurring in various stages of structural transformations of native lignin in its thermal treatment in a wide temperature range are considered and classified. Attention is given to the initial state of lignin in its primary isolation without heating. The terminology of lignin products, used in the literature, is put in order to a certain extent. The thermochemical reactions in which lignins are transformed in processing of raw wood materials and the structure of isolated lignins undergoes changes in the course of the target thermal treatment are differentiated. The applied aspect of the directed thermochemical synthesis of new lignin-based low- and high-molecular-mass compounds is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Shorygina, N.N., Reaktsionnaya sposobnost’ lignina (Reactivity of Lignin), Moscow: Nauka, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Goring, D.A., Pulp Paper Magazine Canada, 1963, vol. 64, pp. 517–527.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Chen, R. and Wu, G., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1991, vol. 42, pp. 2073–2079.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Zakis, G.F., Sintez model’nykh soedinenii lignina (Synthesis of Model Compounds of Lignin), Riga: Zinatne, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Kislitsyn, A.N., Piroliz drevesiny (Pyrolysis of Wood), Moscow: Lesn. Prom-st’, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Sbornik “Khimiya i ispol’zovanie lignina” (Coll. of Works “Chemistry and Use of Lignin”), Riga: Zinatne, 1974.

  7. Reznikov, V.M., Khim. Drevesiny, Riga, 1969, no. 4, pp. 5–35.

  8. Obolenskaya, A.V., El’nitskaya, Z.P., and Leonovich, A.A., Laboratornye raboty po khimii drevesiny i tsellyulozy (Laboratory Works on Chemistry of Wood and Cellulose), Moscow: Ekologiya, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bogomolov, B.D., Babikova, N.D., Pivovarova, V.A., and Stepanova, L.P., Khimiya i ispol’zovanie lignina (Chemistry and Use of Lignin), Riga: Zinatne, 1974, pp. 102–106.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bogolitsyn, K.G. and Reznikov, V.M., Khimiya sul’fitnykh metodov delignifikatsii drevesiny (Chemistry of Sulfite Methods for Delignification of Wood), Moscow: Ekologiya, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Lapan, A.P., Gordeeva, V.A., and Lavrent’ev, V.G., Khimiya i ispol’zovanie lignina (Chemistry and Use of Lignin), Riga: Zinatne, 1974, pp. 685–692.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Bjorkman, F., Nature, 1954, vol. 174, pp. 1057–1058.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Bjorkman, F., Sv. Papperstidn., 1957, vol. 60, no. 7, pp. 243–247.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kononov, G.N., Khimiya drevesiny i ee osnovnykh komponentov (Chemistry of Wood and Its Main Components), Moscow: Mosk. Gos. Univ. Lesa, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hágglund, E., Zellulosechemie, 1924, vol 5, pp. 81–86.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Reznikov, V.M., Khim. Drevesiny, 1977, no. 3, pp. 3–23.

  17. Bogomolov, B.D., Khim. Drevesiny, 1968, no. 1, pp. 157–178.

  18. Shorygina N.N., Khimiya drevesiny, 1968, no. 1, pp. 7–30.

  19. Bogomolov, B.D. and Sanotnitskii, S.A., Pererabotka sul’fatnogo i sul’fonatnogo shchelokov (Processing of Sulfate and Sulfonate Alkali Liquors), Moscow: Lesn. Prom-st’, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Chudakov, M.I., Promyshlennoe ispol’zovanie lignina (Industrial Use of Lignin), Moscow: Lesn. Prom-st’, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Ioelovich, M.Ya., Kaimin’, I.F., Kreidenberg, Z.N., et al., Khim. Drevesiny, 1977, no. 3, pp. 31–35.

  22. Hatakejama, H. and Nakano, J., TAPPI, 1970, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 472–475.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Domburg, G.E., Sergeeva, V.N., Zheibe, G.A., et al., Khimiya i ispol’zovanie lignina (Chemistry and Use of Lignin), Riga: Zinatne, 1974, pp. 349–358.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Gavars, M.G., Domburg, G.E., Liepin’sh, M.G., and Tikhomirov, M.V., Khimiya i ispol’zovanie lignina (Chemistry and Use of Lignin), Riga: Zinatne, 1974, pp. 368–375.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Kirshbaum, I.Z., Domburg, G.E., and Sergeeva, V.N., Khimiya i ispol’zovanie lignina (Chemistry and Use of Lignin), Riga: Zinatne, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Brezny, R., Mihalov, V., and Kovačik, V., Holzforsch., 1983, vol. 37, pp. 199–205.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Brezny, R., Surina, I.V., and Kovačik, V., Holzforsch., 1984, vol. 38, pp. 19–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Obst, J.R., J. Wood. Chem. Technol., 1983, vol. 3, pp. 77–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Faix, O. and Meier, D., J. Anal. Appl. Pyr., 1987, vol. 11, pp. 403–409.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Jakab, É., Faix, O., and Till, F., J. Anal. Appl. Pyr., 1995, vol. 35, pp. 167–172.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Jakab, É., Faix, O., and Till, F., J. Anal. Appl. Pyr., 1997, vols. 40–41, pp. 171–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Faix, O., Meier, D., and Grobe, I., J. Anal. Appl. Pyr., 1987, vol. 11, pp. 403–410.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hosoya, T., Kawamoto, H., and Saka, S., J. Anal. Appl. Pyr., 2009, vol. 84, pp. 79–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Chang, P.Lv.J., Wang, T., and Wu, C., Energ. Fuels, 2004, vol. 19, pp. 1865–1871.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Helleur, R.J. and Jackman, P., Canad. J. Chem., Rev. Canad. Chim., 1990, no. 68, pp. 1038–1042.

  36. Bykov, I.L. and Skrebets, K.G., Materialy II Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii “Fizikokhimiya lignina” (Proc. II Int. Conf. “Physical Chemistry of Lignin”), Arkhangel’sk, 2007, pp. 116–120.

  37. Nada, A.M.A., Yousef, A.H., and El-Gohary, S., J. Therm. Anal. Calor., 2002, vol. 68, pp. 265–273.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Windt, M., Meier, D., Marsman, J.H., et al., J. Anal. Appl. Pyr., 2009, vol. 85, pp. 38–46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Rodrigues, J., Meier, D., Faix, O., and Pereira, H., J. Anal. Appl. Pyr., 1999, vol. 48, pp. 121–129.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Rodrigues, J., Graca, J., and Pereira, H., J. Anal. Appl. Pyr., 2001, vol. 58, pp. 481–489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Alves, A., Schwanniger, M., Pereira, H., and Rodrigues, J., J. Anal. Appl. Pyr., 2006, vol. 76, pp. 209–214.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Alves, A., Schwanniger, M., Pereira, H., and Rodrigues, J., Holzforsch., 2006, vol. 60, pp. 29–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Alves, A., Rodrigues, J., Wimmer, R., and Schwanniger, M., J. Anal. Appl. Pyr., 2008, vol. 81, pp. 167–172.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Alves, A., Gierlinger, N., Schwanniger, M., and Rodrigues, J., J. Anal. Appl. Pyr., 2008, vol. 85, pp. 30–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Scholze, B., Hanser, C., and Meier, D., J. Anal. Appl. Pyr., 2001, vols. 58–59, pp. 387–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Scholze, B. and Meier, D., J.Anal. Appl. Pyr., 2001, vol. 60, pp. 41–50.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Bayerbach, R., Nguen, V.D., Schurr, U., and Meier, D., J. Anal. Appl. Pyr., 2006, vol. 72, pp. 95–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Bayerbach, R. and Meier, D., J. Anal. Appl. Pyr., 2009, vol. 85, pp. 98–107.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Yuan, T.-Q., He, J., Xu, F., and Sun, R.-C., Polym. Deg. Stab., 2009, vol. 94, pp. 1142–1150.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Skrebets, T.E., Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii “Fizikokhimiya lignina” (Proc. II Int. Conf. “Physical Chemistry of Lignin”), Arkhangel’sk, 2005, pp. 76–79.

  51. Krutov, S.M., Alekseev, S.R., and Zarubin, M.Ya., Problemy khimicheskoi pererabotki drevesnogo syr’ya: Sbornik trudov (Problems of Chemical Processing of Raw Wood Materials), St. Petersburg, 2000, pp. 58–66.

  52. Krutov, S.M., Sumerskii, I.V., Evtyugin, D.V., et al., Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii “Fizikokhimiya lignina” (Proc. II Int. Conf. “Physical Chemistry of Lignin”), Arkhangel’sk, 2005, pp. 250–254.

  53. Lunin, V.V., Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii “Fizikokhimiya lignina” (Proc. II Int. Conf. “Physical Chemistry of Lignin”), Arkhangel’sk, 2005, pp. 9–10.

  54. Bogolitsyn, K.G., Materialy II Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii “Fizikokhimiya lignina” (Proc. II Int. Conf. “Physical Chemistry of Lignin”), Arkhangel’sk, 2007, pp. 16–21.

  55. Sukhanovskii, S.I. and Akhmina, E.I., Zh. Prikl. Khim., 1961, vol. 32, pp. 2754–2760.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Sukhanovskii, S.I. and Chudakov, M.I., Ispol’zovanie gidroliznogo lignina (Use of Hydrolytic Lignin), Moscow: TsBTI, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Ushakov, S.N. and Matveev, I.I., Gidroliz. Prom-st’ SSSR, 1948, no. 4, pp. 16–19.

  58. Okun’, M.G., Skrytnik, I.V., Sukhanovskii, S.I., and Chudakov, M.M., Gidroliz. Lesokhim. Prom-st’, 1960, no. 3, pp. 14–16.

  59. Allan, G.G., Dalan, J.A., and Foster, N.C., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, no. 5, pp. 1815–1820.

  60. Phenolic Resins, Konopp, A., Ed., Springer, Berlin, 2000.

  61. Kou, M., Hse, C.-Y., and Huang, D.-H., Holzforsch., 1991, vol. 45, pp. 47–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Vazquez, G., Gonzalez, J., Freire, S., and Antorrena, G., Bioresource Tech., 1997, vol. 60, pp. 191–196.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Danielson, B. and Simonson, R., J. Hadhes. Sci., 1998, vol. 12(9), pp. 923–927.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Alonso, M.V., Rodriguez, J.J., Oliet, M., et al., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2001, vol. 82, pp. 2661–2668.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Yesbrendy, R.E., Sanderson, R.D., and Gerischer, G.F.R., Holzforsch., 1992, vol. 46(3), pp. 249–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Alonso, M.V., Oliet, M., Garcia, J., et al., Chem. Eng. J., 2006, vol. 122, pp. 159–167.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Alonso, M.V., Oliet, M., Garcia, J., et al., J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 2006, vol. 86(3), pp. 797–803.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Perez, J.M., Oliet, M., Alonso, M.V., and Rodrigues, F., Thermochim. Acta, 2009, vol. 487, pp. 39–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Epshtein, Ya.V., Akhmina, E.I., and Raskin, M.N., Khim. Drevesiny, 1977, no. 6, pp. 24–44.

  70. Arbuzov, V.V., Kompozitsionnye materialy iz ligninnykh veshchestv (Composite Materials Produced from Lignin Substances), Moscow: Ekologiya, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Bogomolov, B.D. and Gel’fand, E.D., Nepreryvnaya tekhnologiya proizvodstva sul’fatnogo lignina i ego primenenie dlya uluchsheniya svoistv polimernykh materialov (Continuous Technology for Manufacture of Sulfate Lignin and Its Use for Improvement of Properties of Polymeric Materials), Moscow: Lesn. Prom-st’, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Kosikova, B., Kasurakova, M., and Demianova, V., Chem. Papers, 1993, vol. 47(2), pp. 1065–1073.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Kosikova, B., Demianova, V., and Kasurakova, M., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1993 V. 47, pp. 1065–1073.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Alxy, P., Kosikova, B., and Podstanska, G., Polymer, 2000, vol. 41, pp. 4901–4908.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Pouteau, C., Dole, P., Eathala, R.D., et al., Polym. Degrad. Stability, 2003, vol. 81(1), pp. 9–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Vasile, C., Downey, M., Wong, B., et al., Cellulose Chem. Technol., 1998, vol. 32, pp. 61–88.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Kadla, J.F. and Kubo, S., Composites. P.A., Appl. Sci. Manufactory, 2004, vol. 35(3), pp. 395–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Carradini,, E., Pineda, E.A., and Hechenleither, A.A.W., Polym. Degrad. Stability, 1999, vol. 66(2), pp. 199–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Bittenguri, R.R.S., Santos, G.L., Pintda, E.A., and Hechenleither, A.A.W., J. Thermal. Anal. Calor., 2005, vol. 79, pp. 371–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Fernandes, D.M., Hechenleither, A.A.W., Pineda, E.A.G., et al., Polym. Degrad. Stability, 2006, vol. 91, no. 5, pp. 1192–2001.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Rodrigues, R.C., Cannao, V.P., Janissek, P., et al., Eur. Polym. J., 2002, vol. 38, pp. 2213–2217.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Li, Y., Mlynar, J., and Sarkanen, S., J. Polym. Sci., 1997, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 1899–1910.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Feldman, D. and Banu, D., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1997, vol. 66, no. 9, pp. 1731–1744.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Sancez, C.G. and Exposito, A.L.A., Angew. Makromol. Chem., 1999, vol. 272, no. 1, pp. 65–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Kosikova, B., Revajaova, A., and Demianova, V., Eur. Polym. J., 1995, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 953–956.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Pucciariello, R., Villani, V., Bonini, C., et al., Polymer, 2004, vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 4159–4169.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Rozenberg, L.V., Berlin, Ad.A., and Vizgern, R.V., Gidroliz. Lesokhim. Prom-st’, 1972, no. 5, pp. 16–17.

  88. Sataev, I.K., Tikhonova, L.E., Aliev, G.A., and Akhmedov, K.S., Gidroliz. Lesokhim. Prom-st’, 1974, no. 7, pp. 3–4.

  89. Bogdanovich, N.I., Dobele, G.V., Kuznetsova, L.N., and Orlova, N.V., Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii “Fizikokhimiya lignina” (Proc. II Int. Conf. “Physical Chemistry of Lignin”), Arkhangel’sk, 2005, pp. 105–108.

  90. Kononov, G.N. and Azarov, V.I., Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii “Fizikokhimiya lignina” (Proc. II Int. Conf. “Physical Chemistry of Lignin”), Arkhangel’sk, 2005, pp. 205–208.

  91. Stranov, V.M., Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii “Fizikokhimiya lignina” (Proc. II Int. Conf. “Physical Chemistry of Lignin”), Arkhangel’sk, 2005, pp. 246–247.

  92. Uglerodistye materialy na osnove drevesiny, tsellyulozy i tekhnicheskikh ligninov (Carbonaceous Materials Based on Wood, Cellulose, and Technical-Grade LIgnins), Parshina, L.A., ED., Barnaul: Altai Gos. Univ., 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Avani, E. and Coughlin, R.W., Thermochim. Acta, 1985, vol. 90, pp. 157–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Ferdous, D., Dalai, A.K., and Bej, C.K., Energ. Fuels, 2002, vol. 16(b), pp. 1405–1412.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Kifani-Sahbah, F., Kifani, A., Belkabiz, A., et al., Thermochim. Acta, 1997, vol. 298, pp. 199–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Sharapova, T.E., Domburg, G.E., Brods, L.A., and Kronberg, V., Zh., Khim. Drevesiny, 1989, no. 3, pp.59–66.

  97. Sharapova, T.E., Domburg, G.E., Skripchenko, T.N., and Brods, L.A., Khim. Drevesiny, 1990, no. 4, pp. 86–92.

  98. Sharapova, T.E., Domburg, G.E., Brods, L.A., et al., Khim. Drevesiny, 1990, no. 5, pp. 44–50.

  99. Havashi, J., Kazehaya, A., Muroyamo, K., and Wathinson, A.P., Carbon, 2000, vol. 38, pp. 1873–1878.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Cotoruelo, L.M., Marques, M.D., Diaz, F.J., et al., Separ. Sci. Tech., 2007, vol. 42, pp. 3363–3389.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Shendrik, T.G., Pashchenko, A.V., Simonova, V.V., et al., Khim. Tverd. Tela, 2007, no. 2, pp. 62–67.

  102. Khimiya i tekhnologiya serougleroda (Chemistry and Technology of Carbon Sulfide), Sorokin, Ya.Z. and Fridman, L.I., Eds., Leningrad: Khimiya, 1970, issues I and II.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Rachkov, B.M. and Levit, R.M., Likvorotransfuziya i likvorosorbtsiya (Liquor-Transfusion and Liquor-Sorption), St. Petersburg: OAO Pavlovsk, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Mironov, M.V., Belyi, V.A., Karmanov, A.P., et al., Materialy II Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii “Fizikokhimiya lignina” (Proc. II Int. Conf. “Physical Chemistry of Lignin”), Arkhangel’sk, 2007, pp. 157–158.

  105. US Patent 3 461 082.

  106. Sudo, K. and Shimizu, K., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1992, vol. 44(1), pp. 127–134.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Sudo, K., Shimizu, K., Nakashima, N., and Yokoyama, A., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1993, vol. 48, pp. 1485–1491.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Uraki, Y., Kubo, S., Nigo, S., et al., Holzfors., 1995, vol. 49, pp. 343–348.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Uraki, Y., Kubo, S., Kurakami, Y., and Sano, Y., Holzfors., 1997, vol. 51, pp. 344–350.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Kubo, S., Uraki, Y., and Sano, Y., Carbon, 1998, vol. 36, nos. 7–8, pp. 1119–1124.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Kubo, S., Yoshida, T., and Kadla, J., J. Wood Chem. Technol., 2007, vol. 27, pp. 257–271.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Braun, J.L., Holtman, K.M., and Kadla, J.F., Carbon, 2005, vol. 43, pp. 385–394.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Original Russian Text © Yu.N. Sazanov, A.V. Gribanov, 2010, published in Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, 2010, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 177–197.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sazanov, Y.N., Gribanov, A.V. Thermochemistry of lignin. Russ J Appl Chem 83, 175–194 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427210020011

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427210020011

Keywords

Navigation