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Development of “Ink” for Extrusion Methods of 3D Printing with Viscous Materials

  • Selected articles originally published in Russian in Rossiiskii Khimicheskii Zhurnal (Russian Chemistry Journal)
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Abstract

3D printing represents a versatile approach for fabricating products with desired geometries. Of particular interest are extrusion methods of 3D printing that utilize “inks” consisting of viscous materials. The utilization of such “inks” enables the printing process to be carried out at low temperatures, with compositional variations, and facilitates the production of products with highly porous structures. Products printed using viscous materials hold great promise in the fields of medicine, pharmaceuticals, and the chemical industry. This paper outlines the stages involved in developing “inks” based on the sodium alginate biopolymer. Complex rheological studies were conducted on these “inks,” and two methods of 3D printing with viscous materials were implemented: direct gel printing and printing using a heterophase system. Two compositions of “inks” were devised, one based on pure sodium alginate and the other based on partially crosslinked sodium alginate. The viscosity of the sodium alginate-based “ink” ranged from 0.8 to 118.6 Pa s for polymer concentrations of 2–9 wt %. Materials with a sodium alginate concentration of 2 wt % exhibited the most pronounced thixotropic properties. It was demonstrated that sodium alginate-based “ink” can be effectively employed for 3D printing using a heterophase system, where the system serves as a supportive volume, preventing the printed product from spreading and enabling the formation of a 3D structure. In the case of partially crosslinked sodium alginate-based “ink” (2 wt %), the addition of a crosslinking agent resulted in a viscosity range of 1.8 to 1032.4 Pa·s for calcium chloride concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.3 wt %. This crosslinking agent allowed for an increase in viscosity, facilitating direct gel 3D printing without the need for a heterophase system. All the developed “inks” exhibited a pseudoplastic flow behavior, characterized by a decrease in viscosity with an increase in shear rate.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The work was carried out with the financial support of Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia within the framework of the “Priority-2030” strategic academic leadership program no. VIG_2022_006.

Funding

This work was supported by ongoing institutional funding. No additional grants to carry out or direct thisparticular research were obtained.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047, Moscow, Russia

    A. A. Abramov, M. K. Okisheva, P. Y. Tsygankov & N. V. Menshutina

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  1. A. A. Abramov
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  2. M. K. Okisheva
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  3. P. Y. Tsygankov
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  4. N. V. Menshutina
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Correspondence to A. A. Abramov.

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Abramov, A.A., Okisheva, M.K., Tsygankov, P.Y. et al. Development of “Ink” for Extrusion Methods of 3D Printing with Viscous Materials. Russ J Gen Chem 93, 3264–3271 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070363223120289

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070363223120289

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