Abstract
A liquid-liquid extraction-chromogenic system containing Fe(III), 4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol (TAR), [3,3’-(3,3’-dimetoxy-4,4’-biphenylene)bis[2,5-di(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] chloride (tetranitro-tetrazolium blue chloride, TNBT), water, and chloroform was studied and compared with similar systems containing such ditetrazolium salts (DTS), as neotetrazolium chloride (NTC), blue tetrazolium chloride, and nitro blue tetrazolium chloride. The results show that the complex formed in the Fe(III)–TAR–TNBT system is of different composition (1 : 3 : 2 vs. 1 : 2 : 1) and has better extraction-spectrophotometric characteristics (fraction extracted is 98.6 % and molar absorptivity, 7.8 × 104 dm3 mol–1 cm–1 at λ = 495 nm). The proposed formula of the complex is (TNBT+)[FeIII(TAR2–)2]·{(TNBT+)(HTAR–)}, where TNBT is in the monocationic form. The geometry optimization for TNBT and NTC–the DTS, which does not contain nitro- and methoxy groups, was performed by the Restricted Hartree–Fock (RHF) method with the 3-21G* basis set. The obtained results (ground-state structures and total atomic charges) for TNBT, TNBT+, TNBT2+, NTC, and NT2+ were compared and discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sabnis, R.W., Handbook of Biological Dyes and Stains: Synthesis and Industrial Applications, Hoboken: Wiley, 2010, p. 461.
Kamburova, M., Zh. Anal. Khim., 1993, vol. 48, p. 1161.
Gavazov, K.B., Türkyilmaz, M, and Altun, Ö., Bulg. Chem. Commun., 2008, vol. 40, p. 65.
Kostova, D., J. Anal. Chem., 2014, vol. 69, p. 1030. DOI: 10.1134/s1061934814110070.
Gavazov, K.B., Racheva, P.V., Lekova, V.D., Dimitrov, A.N., Turkyilmaz, M., and Genc, F., Croat. Chem. Acta, 2012, vol. 85, p. 53. DOI: 10.5562/cca1885.
Gavazov, K.B., Dimitrov, A.N., and Lekova, V.D., Russ. Chem. Rev., 2007, vol. 76, p. 169. DOI: 10.1070/RC2007v076n02ABEH003655.
Alexandrov, A., Tertazolium Salts for Solvent Extraction of Elements as Ion Association Complexes. Review, Saarbrücken Universität des Saarlandes, 1984.
Gavazov, K.B. and Toncheva, G.K., Russ. J. Gen. Chem., 2015, vol. 85, p. 192. DOI: 10.1134/s1070363215010338.
Gavazov, K. B., Delchev, V.B., Toncheva, G.K., and Georgieva, Z.G., Russ. J. Gen. Chem., 2015, vol. 85, p. 1945. DOI: 10.1134/s1070363215080241.
Golovanov, D.G., Perekalin, D.S., Yakovenko, A.A., Antipin, M.Y., and Lyssenko, K.A., Mendeleev Commun., 2005, vol. 15, p. 237. DOI: 10.1070/MC2005v015n06ABEH002184.
Gavazov, K.B., Toncheva, G.K., Stefanova, T.S., and Simitchiev, K.K., Oriental J. Chem., 2015, vol. 31, p. 981. DOI: 10.13005/ojc/310244.
Zhiming, Z., Dongsten, M., and Cunxiao, Y., J. Rare Earth, 1997, vol. 15, p. 216.
Asmus, E., Fresenius’ J. Anal. Chem., 1960, vol. 178, p. 104. DOI: 10.1007/bf00467200.
Nonova, D. and Evtimova, B., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1973, vol. 35, p. 3581. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(73) 80368-9.
Kurahashi, M. and Kawase, A., B. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1976, vol. 49, p. 1419. DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.49.1419.
Russeva, E., Kuban, V., and Sommer, L., Coll. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1979, vol. 44, p. 374. DOI: 10.1135/cccc19790374.
Ueda, K. and Yamamoto, Y., Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1980, vol. 1980, p. 1713. DOI: 10.1246/nikkashi.1980.1713
Ueda, K., Yoshimura O., Yamamoto, Y., Analyst, 1983, vol. 108, p. 1240. DOI: 10.1039/an9830801240.
Hoshino, H., and Yotsuyanagi, T., Talanta, 1984, vol. 31, p. 525. DOI: 10.1016/0039-9140(84)80133-2.
Mori, I., Fujita, Y., Toyoda, M., Ikuta, K., Ohshima, J., Kato, K., and Nakamura, M., Anal Lett., 1989, vol. 22, p. 3097. DOI: 10.1080/00032718908052419.
Sakai, T., Nakayama, M., Katami, T., and Furukawa, M., Microchim. Acta, 1989, vol. 98, p. 31. DOI: 10.1007/BF01244514.
Dolezal, J. and Sommer, L., Coll. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1994, vol. 59, p. 2209. DOI: 10.1135/cccc19942209.
Ferreira, S.L.C., and Nano, R.M.W., Talanta, 1994, vol. 41, p. 1937. DOI: 10.1016/0039-9140(94)00152-9.
Ghasemi, J., Peyman, H., and Meloun, M., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2007, vol. 52, p. 1171. DOI: 10.1021/je060325g.
Karipcin, F., Kabalcilar, E., Ilican, S., Caglar, Y., and Caglar, M., Spectrochim. Acta A, 2009, vol. 73, p. 174. DOI: 10.1016/jsaa.2009.02.012.
Pouretedal, H.R., Sononi, P., Keshavarz, M.H., and Semnani, A., Chemistry, 2009, vol. 18, p. 22.
Stefanova, T.S., Gavazov, K.B., and Toncheva, G.K., Sci. Res. Union Sci. Plovdiv, Ser. C, 2013, vol. 16, p. 183.
Gavazov, K.B., Stefanova, T.S., and Toncheva, G.K., J. Advances in Chem., 2014, vol. 10, p. 2491.
Yotsuyanagi, T., Goto, K., and Nagayama, M., Jpn. Analyst, 1969, vol. 18, p. 184. DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.18.184.
Tôei, K., Anal. Sci., 1987, vol. 3, no. 6, p. 479. DOI: 10.2116/analsci.3.479.
Maric, L. and Široki, M., Anal. Chim. Acta, 1996, vol. 318, p. 345. DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00444-0.
Anderson, R.G., and Nickless, G., Analyst, 1967, vol. 92, p. 207. DOI: 10.1039/AN9679200207.
Frisch, M.J., Trucks, G.W., Schlegel, H.B., Scuseria, G.E., Robb, M.A., Cheeseman, J.R., Montgomery, J.A., Vreven, T., Kudin, K.N., Burant, J.C., Millam, J.M., Iyengar, S.S., Tomasi, J. Barone, V., Mennucci, B., Cossi, M., Scalmani, G., Rega, N., Petersson, G.A., Nakatsuji, H., Hada, M., Ehara, M., Toyota, K., Fukuda, R., Hasegawa, J., Ishida, M., Nakajima, T., Honda, Y., Kitao, O., Nakai, H., Klene, M., Li, X., Knox, J.E., Hratchian, H.P., Cross, J.B., Bakken, V., Adamo, C., Jaramillo, J., Gomperts, R., Stratmann, R.E., Yazyev, O., Austin, A. J., Cammi, R., Pomelli, C., Ochterski, J.W., Ayala, P.Y., Morokuma, K., Voth, G.A., Salvador, P., Dannenberg, J.J., Zakrzewski, V.G., Dapprich, S., Daniels, A.D., Strain, M.C., Farkas, O., Malick, D.K., Rabuck, A.D., Raghavachari, K., Foresman, J.B., Ortiz, J.V., Cui, Q., Baboul, A.G., Clifford, S., Cioslowski, J., Stefanov, B.B., Liu, G., Liashenko, A., Piskorz, P., Komaromi, I., Martin, R.L., Fox, D.J., Keith, T., Al-Laham, M.A., Peng, C.Y., Nanayakkara, A., Challacombe, M., Gill, P.M.W., Johnson, B., Chen, W., Wong, M.W., Gonzalez, C., and Pople, J.A., Gaussian 03, Revision D.01, Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT, 2004.
Zhurko, G.A., and Zhurko, D.A., Chemcraft, ver. 1.7, b382; http://www.chemcraftprog.com.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The text was submitted by the authors in English.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gavazov, K.B., Delchev, V.B., Stefanova, T.S. et al. Specific features of tetranitrotetrazolium blue chloride as an extraction reagent for iron(III). Russ J Gen Chem 86, 1167–1176 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070363216050315
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070363216050315