Abstract
The relationship is considered between the statistics of the field of low-frequency seismic noise which was synchronously recorded by two broadband seismic networks in Japan (78 stations) and California (81 stations). The analysis is based on the data for seven years of observations (2008–2014). For each network, the daily time series of the median values are constructed for five parameters of seismic noise: kurtosis (excess), minimal normalized entropy of the distribution of the squared wavelet coefficients, generalized Hurst exponent, support width of the singularity spectrum, and index of linear predictability. The median values for each parameter were calculated on a daily basis over all the stations of the networks and resulted in a time series containing 2557 data points of the integral characteristics of the noise with a daily time step. The use of the median values of the noise parameters avoids considering the effects of the gaps in recording by individual stations and provides the continuous time series as the integral characteristic of the whole network. Next, for each network, the aggregate signals were calculated for the obtained five-variate time series. By construction, the aggregate signal is a scalar signal which maximally accumulates the most general variations that are simultaneously present in all the analyzed signals and, at the same time, rejects the components that are only characteristic of a single process. The final step of the analysis consists in estimating the evolution of the quadratic spectrum in the moving time window with a length of one year. It is shown that during the considered interval of the observations, the coherence is characterized by the increasing linear trend, which independently supports the previous conclusion about the enhancement of the synchronization between the parameters of the global seismic noise.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Box, G.E.P. and Jenkins, G.M., Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control, San Francisco: Holden-Day, 1970.
Brillinger, D.R., Time Series: Data Analysis and Theory, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975.
Feder, J., Fractals, New York: Plenum, 1988.
Hannan, E.J., Multiple Time Series, New York: Wiley, 1970.
Gilmore, R., Catastrophe Theory for Scientists and Engineers, New York: Wiley, 1981.
Kashyap, R.L. and Rao, A.R., Dynamic Stochastic Models from Empirical Data, New York: Academic Press, 1976.
Lyubushin, A.A., An aggregated signal of low-frequency geophysical monitoring systems, Izv., Phys. Solid Earth, 1998, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 238–243.
Lyubushin, A.A., Analiz dannykh sistem geofizicheskogo i ekologicheskogo monitoringa (Analysis of the Data of Geophysical and Ecological Monitoring), Moscow: Nauka, 2007.
Lyubushin, A.A., Microseismic noise in the low frequency range (periods of 1–300 min): Properties and possible prognostic features, Izv., Phys. Solid Earth, 2008, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 275–290.
Lyubushin, A.A., Synchronization trends and rhythms of multifractal parameters of the field of low-frequency microseisms, Izv., Phys. Solid Earth, 2009, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 381–394.
Lyubushin, A.A., Multifractal parameters of low-frequency microseisms, in Synchronization and Triggering: from Fracture to Earthquake Processes, de Rubeis V., et al., Eds., The GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences Book Series, Berlin: Springer, 2010a, Chapter 15, pp 253–272. doi 10.1007/978-3-642-12300-9_15.
Lyubushin, A.A., The statistics of the time segments of lowfrequency microseisms: trends and synchronization, Izv., Phys. Solid Earth, 2010b, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 544–554.
Lyubushin, A.A., Cluster analysis of low-frequency microseismic noise, Izv., Phys. Solid Earth, 2011a, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 488–495.
Lyubushin, A.A., Seismic catastrophe in Japan on March 11, 2011: Long-term forecast based on low-frequency microseisms, Geofiz. Protsessy Biosfera, 2011b, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 9–35.
Lyubushin, A.A., Forecast of the Great Japan earthquake, Priroda (Moscow, Russ. Fed.), 2012a, no. 8, pp. 23–33.
Lyubushin, A., Prognostic properties of low-frequency seismic noise, Nat. Sci., 2012b, vol. 4, no. 8A, pp. 659–666. doi 10.4236/ns.2012.428087
Lyubushin, A., How soon would the next mega-earthquake occur in Japan?, Nat. Sci., 2013a, vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 1–7. doi 10.4236/ns.2013.58A1001
Lyubushin, A.A., Mapping the properties of low-frequency microseisms for seismic hazard assessment, Izv., Phys. Solid Earth, 2013b, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 9–18.
Lyubushin, A.A., Analysis of coherence in global seismic noise for 1997–2012, Izv., Phys. Solid Earth, 2014a, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 325–333.
Lyubushin, A.A., Dynamic estimate of seismic danger based on multifractal properties of low-frequency seismic noise, Nat. Hazards, 2014b, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 471–483. doi 10.1007/s11069-013-0823-7
Lyubushin, A.A., Prognostic properties of the stochastic fluctuations of geophysical characteristics, Biosfera, 2014c, no. 4, pp. 319–338.
Lyubushin, A., Kaláb, Z., and Lednická, M., Statistical properties of seismic noise measured in underground spaces during seismic swarm, Acta Geod. Geophys., 2014, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 209–224. doi 10.1007/s40328-014-0051-y
Lyubushin, A.A., Kaláb, Z., and Knejzlik, J., Coherence spectra of rotational and translational components of mining induced seismic events, Acta Geod. Geophys., 2015, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 391–402. doi 10.1007/s40328-015-0099-3
Lyubushin, A.A., Wavelet-based coherence measures of global seismic noise roperties, J. Seismol., 2015, vol. 19, pp. 329–340. doi 10.1007/s10950-014-9468-6
Mallat, S., A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing, San Diego: Academic Press, 1998.
Marple, S.L., Digital Spectral Analysis with Applications, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1987.
Nicolis, G. and Prigogine, I., Exploring Complexity: An Introduction, New York: Freedman, 1989.
Rhie, J. and Romanowicz, B., Excitation of Earth’s continuous free oscillations by atmosphere-ocean-seafloor coupling, Nature, 2004, vol. 431, pp. 552–554.
Sobolev, G.A., Kontseptsiya predskazuemosti zemletryasenii na osnove dinamiki seismichnosti pri triggernom vozdeistvii (The Concept of Earthquake Predictability Based on the Dynamics of Triggered Seismicity), Moscow: IFZ RAN, 2011.
Sobolev, G.A., Seismicheskii shum (Seismic Noise), Moscow: Nauka i obrazovanie, 2014.
Sobolev, G.A., Methodology, results, and problems of forecasting earthquakes, Herald Russ. Acad. Sci., 2015, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 107–111.
Tanimoto, T., The oceanic excitation hypothesis for the continuous oscillations of the Earth, Geophys. J. Int., 2005, vol. 160, pp. 276–288.
Vadzinskii, R.N., Spravochnik po veroyatnostnym raspredeleniyam (Handbook on Probability Distributions), St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2001.
Vogel, M.A. and Wong, A.K.C., PFS clustering method, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 1979, vol. 1, pp. 237–245. doi 10.1109/TPAMI.1979.4766919
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © A.A. Lyubushin, 2016, published in Fizika Zemli, 2016, No. 6, pp. 37–47.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lyubushin, A.A. Coherence between the fields of low-frequency seismic noise in Japan and California. Izv., Phys. Solid Earth 52, 810–820 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351316050086
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351316050086