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Synthesis of ZIF-8(Fe) Functionalized with Citral as Potent Antimicrobial Candidate against Multi-Drug Resistant Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and Non-Typhoidal Salmonella spp.

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Abstract

Zeolite imidazole framework is one of the sub-classes of metal-organic frameworks which can enhance the antimicrobial activity of antibiotics against multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. In this study, the authors report nanoscale dual metal cluster-based ZIF-8(Fe) to encapsulate citral. UV-DRS and FTIR spectra confirmed the encapsulation of citral, while PXRD illustrated an average particle size of 36 nm with uniform-sized nanoparticles. Drug encapsulation and loading efficiency of citral into ZIF-8(Fe) were found as 19.30 and 77.20%, respectively, and 40% release of citral was observed within 24 h. The hemolytic potential of ZIF-8(Fe) was found to be less than 5% for 100 µg/mL. The in silico docking studies of citral with dispersin of enteroaggregative E. coli and osmoporin C for Salmonella spp. revealed binding energy (kcal/mol) of –4.67 and –4.53, respectively. Further, the MIC and MBC was found to be 62.50 and 125 µg/mL, respectively.

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Funding

This work was supported by a financial grant from National Agricultural Science Fund (ICAR-NASF; NASF/ABA-8007) to SBB, DBR, JV, and NVK.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Mangalore University, Karnataka, India

    P. M. Abishad, M. Jayashankar & B. S. Srinath

  2. Department of Studies in Earth Science, Centre for Advanced Studies in Precambrian Geology, University of Mysore, Karnataka, India

    K. Namratha

  3. Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, 440006, Nagpur, India

    N. V. Kurkure

  4. ICAR—National Research Centre on Meat, 500092, Hyderabad, India

    S. B. Barbuddhe & D. B. Rawool

  5. Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, 673576, Wayanad, India

    J. Vergis

  6. Centre for Research and Innovations, BGSIT, Adichunchanagiri University, N.H.75, B.G. Nagara, Mandya, Karnataka, India

    K. Byrappa

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  1. P. M. Abishad
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  2. M. Jayashankar
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Correspondence to J. Vergis or K. Byrappa.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. This article does not contain any studies involving animals or human participants performed by any of the authors.

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Abbreviations: ZIF-8(Fe), zeolite imidazole frameworks with dual metal clusters; MIC, the minimum inhibitory concentrations; MBC, minimum bactericidal concentration; DLE, Drug loading efficiency; DLC, drug loading concentration; MDR, multi-drug resistant; UV-DRS, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; FTIR, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; PXRD, powder X-ray diffraction; MOF, metal organic frameworks; NPs, nanoparticles; GI, gastrointestinal; EAEC, enteroaggregative E. coli; NTS, non typhoidal Salmonellla; ompC, osmoporin C; DOX, Doxrubicine.

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Abishad, P.M., Jayashankar, M., Namratha, K. et al. Synthesis of ZIF-8(Fe) Functionalized with Citral as Potent Antimicrobial Candidate against Multi-Drug Resistant Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and Non-Typhoidal Salmonella spp.. Russ J Bioorg Chem 49, 360–366 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1068162023020036

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