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Functional Materials from Paper Wastes: II–Cellulose Hydrogels with High Water Retention Capacity Obtained from Solutions of Waste Paper in DMAc/LiCl

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Abstract—

An efficient process for recycling paper and cardboard wastes via dissolution in N,N-dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride (DMAc/LiCl) system and regeneration from solutions to obtain hydrogels has been developed. Pretreatment of waste paper has been carried out by thermal defibrillation of waste paper in water and homogenization to obtain fibrous samples. The dissolution of fiber materials was performed in two ways by varying the process temperature and the way the reagents were added. Regeneration from solutions was carried out by spontaneous gelation without the use of antisolvents, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. As a result, hydrogels were obtained which differed in color and transparency depending on feedstock. The physicochemical properties of the hydrogels were characterized. It was shown that they were steady in an aqueous medium, capable of retaining a significant amount of water (over 4000 wt %), and they were porous systems which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. According to a wide-angle X-ray scattering, the crystallographic structure of the pristine waste paper samples corresponded to a structural modification of cellulose I. Regenerated samples as freeze-dried hydrogels had the structure of cellulose II. A functional and an elemental composition studied with FTIR spectroscopy and an energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis characterized these hydrogels as the cellulose samples containing small amount of inorganic impurities. The resulting hydrogels had a system of open pores of different sizes, and this predetermined their use as adsorbents and active matrices.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank Sh. Karim Saurov (The University of Helsinki, Finland) for performing X-ray diffraction; N.N. Saprykina, Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Senior Researcher (Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, St. Petersburg) for imaging and primary analysis of the samples using SEM and EDXMA; E.N. Vlasova, Researcher (Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, St. Petersburg) for recording IR-spectra.

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  1. St. Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design, 191186, St. Petersburg, Russia

    A. M. Mikhailidi

  2. Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199004, St. Petersburg, Russia

    N. Ye. Kotel’nikova

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Correspondence to A. M. Mikhailidi.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. This article does not contain any studies involving animals or human participants performed by any of the authors.

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Translated by M. Novikova

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Mikhailidi, A.M., Kotel’nikova, N.Y. Functional Materials from Paper Wastes: II–Cellulose Hydrogels with High Water Retention Capacity Obtained from Solutions of Waste Paper in DMAc/LiCl. Russ J Bioorg Chem 48, 1486–1497 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1068162022070172

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