Abstract
The goal of the study was to develop a complex technique for the extraction and purification of polysaccharides from the leaves of birch (Betula pendula Roth., Betula pubescens Ehrh., family Betulaceae) (PSfB). The following characteristics have been used as criteria for estimating the effect of the parameters studied on the production of target compounds: the yield of PSfB (the gravimetric method), the protein content (spectrophotometry), the molecular weight distribution (high performance size-exclusion chromatography), and the degree of purification from low-molecular-weight impurities (LMWI). The following optimal parameters have been determined in experiments at different stages of PSfB production: the degree of grinding of a raw material 1.2–3 mm; the pH value of the extractant (purified water with the pH value of 6.5–7.0); the raw material : extractant ratio 1 : 20; the extraction temperature 50°C; the temperature and the degree of evaporation 50°C, four times; the concentrate : ethanol ratio 1 : 3; and the method of purification from LMWI by ultrafiltration. As a result of the work, an optimized method for obtaining PSfB has been developed, which affords a high yield without the loss of quality of the product (minimal admissible content of LMWI with the maximum content of high-molecular-weight fractions). The method is the basis for the development of laboratory regulations for obtaining an active pharmaceutical substance based on polysaccharides from birch leaves.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Yeates, K., Lohfeld, L., Sleeth, J., Morales, F., Rajkotia, Y., and Ogedegbe, O., A global perspective on cardiovascular disease in vulnerable populations, Can. J. Cardiol., 2015, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 1081–1093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2015.06.035
Nakamura, M., Miura, S., Takagaki, A., and Nanjo, F., Hypolipidemic effects of crude green tea polysaccharide on rats, and structural features of tea polysaccharides isolated from the crude polysaccharide, Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 2017, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 321–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2016.1232376
Hebi, M. and Eddouks, M., Hypolipidemic activity of Tamarix articulata Vahl. in diabetic rats, J. Integr. Med., 2017, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 476–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-4964(17)60361-3
Korolenko, T.A., Johnston, T.P., Machova, E., Bgatova, N.P., Lykov, A.P., Goncharova, N.V., Nescakova, Z., Shintyapina, A.B., Maiborodin, I.V., and Karmatskikh, O.L., Hypolipidemic effect of mannans from C. albicans serotypes A and B in acute hyperlipidemia in mice, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2018, vol. 107, part B, pp. 2385–2394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.111
Shituleni, A., Gan, F., Nido, S.A., Mengistu, B.M., Khan, A.Z., Liu, Y., and Huang, K., Effects of yeast polysaccharide on biochemical indices, antioxidant status, histopathological lesions and genetic expressions related with lipid metabolism in mice fed with high fat diet, Bioactive Carbohydr. Dietary Fibre, 2016, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 51–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2016.10.001
Shukshina, O.G., Lipid-lowering effect and cellular composition of peritoneal exudate after the action of polysaccharides in rats with dyslipidemia, in Sbornik materialov I Vserossiyskaya nauchnaya studencheskaya konferentsiya s mezhdunarodnym uchastiyem Mediko-biologicheskiye nauki: dostizheniya i perspektivy (Collection of Materials I All-Russian Scientific Student Conference with International Participation “Biomedical Sciences: Achievements and Prospects”), Tomsk, 2011, pp. 127–129.
Aspinall, G.O., The Polysacharides, Academic Press, 1983. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2013-0-10317-0
Khasanova, S.R., Krivoshchekov, S.V., Kudashkina, N.V., Gur’yev, A.M., Rovkina, K.I., and Belousov, M.V., Component composition of the polysaccharide complex of Crataegus sanguinea (Rosaceae) leaves from the flora of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Rastit. Resur., 2015, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 397–406.
Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., and Randall, R.J., Protein measurement with the Pholin phenol reagent, J. Biol. Chem, 1951, vol. 193, pp. 265–275.
Rovkina, K.I., Krivoshchekov, S.V., Guryev, A.M., Yusubov, M.S., and Belousov, M.V., Water-soluble polysaccharides of alfalfa (Medicago sativa (Fabaceae)) of flora of Krasnoyarsk krai, Russ. J. Bioorg. Chem, 2018, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 854–859. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1068162018070105
Sal’nikova, E.N., Kalinkina, G.I., and Dmitruk, S.Ye., Chemical study of flavonoids of great wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.), Sivers’s wormwood (A. sieversiana Wlld.), and Yakut wormwood (A. jacutica Drob.), Khim. Rast. Syr’ya, 2001, no. 3, pp. 71–78.
Krasochko, P.A., Kaputskiy, F.N., Krasochko, I.A., Zubets, O.V., and Alad’yeva, T.A., Characterization of the IR spectra of adjuvants based on plant polysaccharides, Uch. Zap. UO VGAVM, 2012, vol. 48, no. 2, part I, pp. 84–87.
Domozych, D.S., Sørensen, I., Popper, Z.A., Ochs, J., Andreas, A., Fangel, J.U., Pielach, A., Sacks, C., Brechka, H., Ruisi-Besares, P., Willats, W.G.T., and Rose, J.K.C., Pectin metabolism and assembly in the cell wall of the charophyte green alga Penium margaritaceum, Plant, 2014, vol. 165, no. 1, pp. 105–118. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.114.23625
Levin, B.D. and Fedyulin, A.S., Influence of the hydromodule on the yield of biologically active substances, Vestn. KrasGAU, 2007, no. 2, pp. 266–269.
Liu, J., Bai, R., Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Kan, J., and Jin, C., Isolation, structural characterization and bioactivities of naturally occurring polysaccharide−polyphenolic conjugates from medicinal plants—a review, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2018, vol. 107, part B, pp. 2242–2250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.097
Sukhov, B.G., Pogodaeva, N.N., Kuznetsov, S.V., Kupriyanovich, Yu.N., Yurinova, G.V., Selivanova, D.S., Pistavka, A.A., Dzhioev, Yu.P., Popkova, S.M., Rakova, E.B., Medvedeva, P.A., and Trofimov, B.A., Prebiotic effect of native noncovalent arabinogalactan–flavonoid conjugates on bifidobacteria, Russ. Chem. Bull., 2014, vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 2189–2194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11172-014-0718-0
Shipovskaya, A.B., Metody vydeleniya i fiziko-khimicheskiye svoystva prirodnykh polisakharidov (Isolation Methods and Physicochemical Properties of Natural Polysaccharides), Saratov, 2015.
Fan, L.P., Li, J.W., Deng, K.Q., and Ai, L.Z., Effects of drying methods on the antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, Carbohydr. Polym., 2012, vol. 87, pp. 1849–1854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.10.018
Li, X.Y., Wang, L., Wang, Y., and Xiong, Z.H., Effect of drying method on physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides, Process Biochem., 2016, vol. 51, pp. 1100–1108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2016.05.006
Warrand, J., Michaud, P., Miller, G., Courtois, D., and Ralainirina, R., Large-scale purification of water-soluble polysaccharides from flaxseed mucilage, and isolation of new anionic polymer, Chromatographia, 2003, vol. 58, pp. 331–335. https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-003-0060-4
Lu, X., Li, N., Qiao, X., Qiu, Z., and Liu, P., Effects of thermal treatment on polysaccharide degradation during black garlic processing, LWT, 2018, vol. 95, pp. 223–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2018.04.059
Jiang, Y., Qi, X., Gao, K., Liu, W., Li, N., and Cheng, N., Relationship between molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and immunobiologic activity of Astragalus polysaccharides, Glycoconj. J., 2016, vol. 33, pp. 755–761. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-016-9669-z
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
COMPLIANCE WITH ETHICAL STANDARDS
The work does not involve experiments on animals or humans.
Conflict of Interests
Authors declare they have no conflicts of interests.
Additional information
Translated by S. Sidorova
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rovkina, K.I., Krivoshchekov, S.V., Guriev, A.M. et al. Development of a Technique for Obtaining Polysaccharides from Leaves of the Birch (Betula pendula Roth. and Betula pubescens Ehrh.). Russ J Bioorg Chem 46, 1310–1316 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1068162020070134
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1068162020070134