Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Regulation of Natural Rubber Biosynthesis by Proteins Associated with Rubber Particles

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Natural rubber, cis-1,4-polyisoprene, is an essential raw material used in thousands of products, many of which are absolutely necessary for medical purposes. Natural rubber is obtained from latex, an aqueous emulsion present in the laticiferous vessels of the natural rubber-producing plants. Hevea brasiliensis (the Brazilian rubber tree) currently is the only commercially important source of natural rubber. H. brasiliensis crops have very little genetic variability, leaving rubber plantations at risk of serious pathogenic attacks. In addition, repeated exposure to residual proteins in latex products derived from H. brasiliensis have led to serious and widespread allergic (type I) hypersensitivity. Therefore, identification of alternative sources of natural rubber is a very important biotechnological task. Potentially, Russian dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz) may be such an alternative because significant amounts of natural rubber are produced in its root system. However, H. brasiliensis is a more efficient producer of natural rubber than T. kok-saghyz. Thus, improvement of rubber biosynthesis in plants is a first-priority problem of modern biotechnology. In this review, we describe proteins that may increase the concentration of natural rubber in laticiferous vessels of T. kok-saghyz and its close relative Taraxacum brevicorniculatum, when overexpressed in the plants. These proteins, cis-prenyltransferases, rubber transferase activator, and small rubber particle proteins, are directly involved in synthesis of the polyisoprene chain. We also analyze the effects of their expression levels on the production of natural rubber in vivo.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

Ac-CоА:

acetyl coenzyme A

APP:

allylpyrophosphate

CPT1–3:

cis-prenyltransferases 1–3

DMAPP:

1,1-dimethylallylpyrophosphate

FPP:

farnesyl pyrophosphate

HMG-CoA:

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A

IPP:

iso-pentenylpyrophosphate

HRT1 and HRT2:

cis-prenyltransferases 1 and 2

NgBR:

Nogo-B receptor

TbRTA:

T. brevicorniculatum cis-prenyltransferase activator

RNAi:

RNA interference

SRPP:

small rubber particle-associated protein

EPR:

endoplasmic reticulum

References

  1. Eng A. H., Ong E. L. Hevea natural rubber, in Plastics Engineering: Handbook of Elastomers, Bhowmick, A.K. and Stephens, H.L., Eds., New York: Marcel Dekker, 2000, vol. 61, pp. 29–59.

    Google Scholar 

  2. McIntyre, D., Stephens, H.L., Schloman, W.W., Jr., and Bhowmick, A.K., Guayule rubber, in Plastics Engineering: Handbook of Elastomers, Bhowmick, A.K. and Stephens, H.L., Eds., New York: Marcel Dekker, 2000, vol. 61, pp. 1–27.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Puskas, J.E., Producers and world market of synthetic rubbers, in Biopolymers, Polyisoprenoids, Koyama, E. and Steinbuchel, A., Eds., Weinheim: Wiley, 2001, vol. 2, pp. 287–320.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Cornish, K., Hypoallergenic natural rubber products from Parthenium argentatum (gray) and other non-Hevea brasiliensis species, US Patent nos. 5580942, 1996; 5717050, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Nyburg, S.C., Acta Crystallogr., 1954, vol. 7, pp. 385–392.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Tanaka, Y., Prog. Polym. Sci., 1989, vol. 14, pp. 339–371.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Swanson, C.L., Buchana, R.A., and Otey, F.H., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1979, vol. 23, pp. 743–748.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Castillon, J. and Cornish, K., Phytochemistry, 1999, vol. 51, pp. 43–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Cornish, K., Castillon, J., and Scott, D.J., Biomacromolecules, 2000, vol. 1, pp. 632–641.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ownby, D.R., Ownby, H.E., McCullough, J., and Shafer, A.W., J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 1996, vol. 97, pp. 1188–1192.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Pailhories, G., Clin. Rev. Allergy, 1993, vol. 11, pp. 391–402.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Tomazic, V.J., Withrow, T.J., Fisher, B.R., and Dillard, S.F., Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol., 1992, vol. 64, pp. 89–97.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Morales, C., Basomba, A., Carreira, J., and Sastre, A., Clin. Exp. Allergy, 1989, vol. 19, pp. 425–430.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Slater, J.E., N. Engl. J. Med., 1989, vol. 320, pp. 1126–1130.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Mooibroek, H. and Cornish, K., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2000, vol. 53, pp. 355–365.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Tanaka, Y., Aik-Hwee, E., Ohya, N., Nishiyama, N., Tangpakdee, J., Kawahara, S., and Wititsuwannakul, R., Phytochemistry, 1996, vol. 41, pp. 1501–1505.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Cornish, K., Eur. J. Biochem., 1993, vol. 218, pp. 267–271.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Cornish, K. and Backhaus, R.A., Phytochemistry, 1990, vol. 29, pp. 3809–3813.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Madhavan, S., Greenblatt, G.A., Foster, M.A., and Benedictc, R., Plant Physiol., 1989, vol. 89, pp. 506–511.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Archer, B.L., Audley, B.G., Cockbain, E.G., and McSweeney, G.P., Biochem. J., 1963, vol. 89, pp. 565–574.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Cornish, K. and Siler, D.J., Plant Physiol. Biochem., 1996, vol. 34, pp. 377–384.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Chappell, J., Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 1995, vol. 46, pp. 521–547.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Holstein, S.A. and Hohl, R.J., Lipids, 2004, vol. 39, pp. 293–309.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Goldstein, J.L. and Brown, S.B., Nature, 1990, vol. 343, pp. 425–430.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Miziorko, H., Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 2011, vol. 505, pp. 131–143.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Dellas, N., Thomas, S.T., Manning, G., and Noel, J.P., eLife, 2013, vol. 2, e00672.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Vinokur, J.M., Korman, T.P., Cao, Z., and Bowie, J.U., Biochemistry, 2014, vol. 53, pp. 4161–4168.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Azami, Y., Hattori, A., Nishimura, H., Kawaide, H., Yoshimura, T., and Hemmi, H., J. Biol. Chem., 2014, vol. 289, pp. 15957–15967.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Seetang-Nun, Y., Sharkey, T.D., and Suvachittanont, W., J. Plant Physiol., 2008, vol. 165, pp. 991–1002.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Sando, T., Takeno, S., Watanabe, N., Okumoto, H., Kuzuyama, T., Yamashita, A., Hattori, M., Ogasawara, N., Fukusaki, E., and Kobayashi, A., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 2008, vol. 72, pp. 2903–2917.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Archer, B.L. and Audley, B.G., Linn. Soc., 1987, vol. 94, pp. 181–196.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Scott, D.J., Da Costa, B.M.T., Espy, S.C., Keasling, J.D., and Cornish, K., Phytochemistry, 2003, vol. 64, pp. 123–134.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Puskas, J.E., Gautriaud, E., Deffieux, A., and Kennedy, J.P., Prog. Polym. Sci., 2006, vol. 31, pp. 533–548.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Yokozawa, T. and Yokoyama, A., Chem. Rec., 2005, vol. 5, pp. 47–57.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Yokozawa, T. and Yokoyama, A., Polym. J., 2004, vol. 36, pp. 65–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Liang, P.H., Ko, T.-P., and Wang, A.H.J., Eur. J. Biochem., 2002, vol. 269, pp. 3339–3354.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Arias, M., Hernandez, M., Remondegui, N., Huvenaars, K., van Dijk, P., and Ritter, E., Sci. Rep., 2016, vol. 6, p. 31031.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Zhang, Y., Iaffaldano, B.J., Zhuang, X., Cardina, J., and Cornish, K., BMC Plant Biol., 2017, vol. 17, pp. 1–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. van Beilen, J.B. and Poirier, Y.., Crit. Rev. Biotech., vol. 27, pp. 217–231.

  40. Cornish, K., Phytochemistry, 2001, vol. 57, pp. 1123–1134.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Siler, D.J. and Cornish, K., Phytochemistry, 1993, vol. 32, pp. 1097–1102.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Takahashi, S. and Koyama, T., Chem. Rec., 2006, vol. 6, pp. 194–205.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Bouvier, F., Rahier, A., and Camara, B., Prog. Lipid. Res., 2005, vol. 44, pp. 357–429.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Lange, B.M. and Ghassemian, M., Plant. Mol. Biol., 2003, vol. 51, pp. 925–948.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Cunillera, N., Arró, M., Delourme, D., Karst, F., Boronat, A., and Ferrer, A., J. Biol. Chem., 1996, vol. 271, pp. 7774–7780.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Oh, S.K., Han, K.H., Ryu, S.B., and Kang, H., J. Biol. Chem., 2000, vol. 275, pp. 18482–18488.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Asawatreratanakul, K., Zhang, Y.W., Wititsuwannakul, D., Wititsuwannakul, R., Takahashi, S., Rattanapittayaporn, A., and Koyama, T., Eur. J. Biochem., 2003, vol. 270, pp. 4671–4680.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Schmidt, T., Lenders, M., Hillebrand, A., van Deenen, N., Munt, O., Reichelt, R., Eisenreich, W., Fischer, R., Prufer, D., and Gronover, C.S., BMC. Biochem., 2010, vol. 11, p. 11.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Schmidt, T., Hillebrand, A., Wurbs, D., Wahler, D., Lenders, M., Schulze Gronover, C., and Prufer, D., Plant Mol. Biol. Rep., 2010, vol. 28, pp. 277–284.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Post, J., van Deenen, N., Fricke, J., Kowalski, N., Wurbs, D., Schaller, H., Eisenreich, W., Huber, C., Twyman, R.M., Prufer, D., and Schulze Gronover, C., Plant Physiol., 2012, vol. 158, pp. 1406–1417.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Harrison, K.D., Park, E.J., Gao, N., Kuo, A., Rush, J.S., Waechter, C.J., Lehrman, M.A., and Sessa, W.C., EMBO J., 2011, vol. 30, pp. 2490–2500.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Kharel, Y. and Koyama, T., Nature Prod. Rep., 2003, vol. 20, pp. 111–118.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Epping, J., van Deenen, N., Niephaus, E., Stolze, A., Fricke, J., Huber, C., Eisenreich, W., Twyman, R., Prufer, D., and Gronover, C.S., Nature Plants, 2015, vol. 1, p. 15048.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Park, E.J., Grabinska, K.A., Guan, Z., Stranecky, V., Hartmannova, H., Hodanova, K., Baresova, V., Sovova, J., Jozsef, L., Ondruskova, N., Hansikova, H., Honzik, T., Zeman, J., Hulkova, H., Wen, R., Kmoch, S., and Sessa, W.C., Cell Metab., 2014, vol. 20, pp. 448–457.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Grabinska, K.A., Cui, J., Chatterjee, A., Guan, Z., Raetz, C.R., Robbins, P.W., and Samuelson, J., Glycobiology, 2010, vol. 20, pp. 824–832.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Dennis, M.S. and Light, D.R., J. Biol. Chem., 1989, vol. 264, pp. 18608–18617.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Kush, A., Goyvaerts, E., Chye, M.L., and Chua, N.H., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 1990, vol. 87, pp. 1787–1790.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Han, K.H., Shin, D.H., Yang, J., Kim, I.J., Oh, S.K., and Chow, K.S., Tree Physiol., 2000, vol. 20, pp. 503–510.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Chow, K.S., Wan, K.L., Isa, M.N., Bahari, A., Tan, S.H., Harikrishna, K., and Yeang, H.Y., J. Exp. Bot., 2007, vol. 58, pp. 2429–2440.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Oh, S.K., Kang, H., Shin, D.H., Yang, J., Chow, K.S., Yeang, H.Y., Wagner, B., Breiteneder, H., and Han, K.H., J. Biol. Chem., 1999, vol. 274, pp. 17132–17138.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Yeang, H.Y., Ward, M.A., Zamri, A.S., Dennis, M.S., and Light, D.R., Allergy, 1998, vol. 53, pp. 513–519.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Wahler, D., Gronover, C.S., Richter, C., Foucu, F., Twyman, R.M., Moerschbacher, B.M., Fischer, R., Muth, J., and Prufer, D., Plant Physiol., 2009, vol. 151, pp. 334–346.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  63. Schmidt, T., Hillebrand, A., Wurbs, D., Wahler, D., Lenders, M., Schulze Gronover, C., and Prufer, D., Plant Mol. Biol. Rep., 2009, vol. 28, pp. 277–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Collins-Silva, J., Taban Nural, A., Skaggs, A., Scott, D., Hathwaik, U., Woolsey, R., Schegg K., McMahan, C., Whalen, M., Cornish, K., and Shintani, D., Phytochemistry, 2012, vol. 79, pp. 46–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. van den Ende, W., Michiels, A., van Wonterghem, D., Vergauwen, R., and van Laere, A., Plant Physiol., 2000, vol. 123, pp. 71–80.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. De Roover, J., van Laere, A., De Winter, M., Timmermans, J.W., and van den Ende, W., Physiol. Plant., 1999, vol. 106, pp. 28–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Stolze, A., Wanke, A., van Deenen, N., Geyer, R., Prufer, D., and Gronover, C.S., Plant Biotechnol. J, 2017, vol. 15, pp. 740–753.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Chappell, J., Wolf, F., Proulx, J., Cuellar, R., and Saunders, C., Plant Physiol., 1995, vol. 109, pp. 133–1343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Basson, M.E., Thorsness, M., and Rine, J., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 1986, vol. 83, p. 5563.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  70. Conolly, J.D. and Hill, R.A., Dictionary of Terpenoids, New York: Chapman & Hall, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Woitek, S., Unkles, S.E., Kinghorn, J.R., and Tudzynski, B., Curr. Genet., 1997, vol. 31, pp. 38–47.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    A. Yu. Amerik, Yu. Tc. Martirosyan & I. V. Gachok

  2. All-Russia Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, 127550, Russia

    Yu. Tc. Martirosyan

  3. Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia

    I. V. Gachok

Authors
  1. A. Yu. Amerik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yu. Tc. Martirosyan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. I. V. Gachok
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Yu. Amerik.

Additional information

Original Russian Text © A.Yu. Amerik, Yu.Tc. Martirosyan, I.V. Gachok, 2018, published in Bioorganicheskaya Khimiya, 2018, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 126–137.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Amerik, A.Y., Martirosyan, Y.T. & Gachok, I.V. Regulation of Natural Rubber Biosynthesis by Proteins Associated with Rubber Particles. Russ J Bioorg Chem 44, 140–149 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S106816201801003X

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S106816201801003X

Keywords

Search

Navigation