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Penetration of the peptide lactaptin into human cancer cells

Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry volume 42, pages 361–371 (2016)Cite this article

Abstract

Lactaptin, a human milk protein with a molecular weight of 8.6 kDa, is a fragment of human ?casein, which has cytotoxic activity toward mammalian cancer cells in vitro. RL2 is a recombinant analogue of lactaptin, which induces the apoptosis of human cancer cells in culture and suppresses the tumor growth in vivo. It has been shown earlier that RL2 penetrates into both human cancer and nonmalignized cells and binds to cytoskeletal structures. In this process, it induces the apoptosis of cancer cells and does not diminish the viability of normal cells. The mechanism of the penetration of RL2 into human cancer cells has been studied by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy using the inhibitors of different endocytosis pathways. It has been shown that RL2 penetrates into cells partly through lipid raft-mediated dynamin-independent pinocytosis and partly through direct penetration across the plasma cell membrane. An analysis of the primary structure of RL2 and the mechanism of its penetration into the cell suggests that it can be assigned to the class of cell-penetrating peptides.

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Abbreviations

CPP:

cell-penetrating peptides

DAPI:

4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole

EIPA:

ethyl-isopropyl amiloride

FITC:

fluorescein isothiocyanate

GFP:

green fluorescent protein

IMDM:

Iscove’s Modified Dulbecco’s Medium

MβCD:

methyl-β-cyclodextrin

PI:

propidium iodide

RPMI:

Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium

RL2:

recombinant analogue of lactaptin

TEMED:

N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine

APS:

ammonium persulfate.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Novosibirsk Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrent’eva 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

    O. A. Chinak, A. S. Fomin, A. A. Nushtaeva, O. A. Koval, A. V. Savelyeva, E. V. Kuligina & V. A. Richter

  2. National Research State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

    O. A. Koval

Authors
  1. O. A. Chinak
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  2. A. S. Fomin
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  3. A. A. Nushtaeva
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  4. O. A. Koval
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  5. A. V. Savelyeva
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  6. E. V. Kuligina
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  7. V. A. Richter
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Correspondence to O. A. Chinak.

Additional information

Original Russian Text © O.A. Chinak, A.S. Fomin, A.A. Nushtaeva, O.A. Koval, A.V. Savelyeva, E.V. Kuligina, V.A. Richter, 2016, published in Bioorganicheskaya Khimiya, 2016, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 401–410.

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Chinak, O.A., Fomin, A.S., Nushtaeva, A.A. et al. Penetration of the peptide lactaptin into human cancer cells. Russ J Bioorg Chem 42, 361–371 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1068162016040063

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1068162016040063

Keywords

  • lactaptin
  • antitumor peptides
  • endocytosis
  • cancer cells
  • cell-penetrating peptides