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Modern Ichthyofauna of Lake Kezenoi-Am (North Caucasus) and Conservation Measures for Endemic Kezenoi-Am Trout Salmo trutta ezenami

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Abstract

The development of the ecosystem of Lake Kezenoi-Am (Kezenoyam) for the last 100 years is described on the basis of published and original data. The ecosystem of the lake has undergone a catastrophic transformation as a result of an outbreak of the chub population in the late 20th and early 21st centuries and introduction of European perch in 2012–2014. Enormous overfishing was an additional factor in the ecosystem degradation. The endemic subspecies of brown trout has probably completely disappeared from the lake. In order to preserve and restore the population of Kezenoi-Am brown trout, it is necessary to take urgent measures, including its artificial breeding and reclamation measures to reduce the number of chub and perch.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are grateful to K.M. Kuniev, the Director of the Dagestan State Nature Reserve, and G.S. Dzhamirzoev, Deputy Scientific Director, for their support at all stages of the field work. The expedition to Lake Kezenoi-Am in 2017 would have been impossible without their comprehensive assistance. Special thanks go to D.V. Vorobiev for his invaluable assistance during all stages of field work. In 2019–2021, the authors received great support in organizing and conducting field work by the Russian Salmon Association, M.V. Daiev and M.M. Alsultanov (Ministry of Natural Resources of the Chechen Republic), Yu. Uspanov, the Director of the Kezenoi-Am tourist complex (2017–2020), and M.G. Gadzhimagomedov and Kh. Khasaimirzaev, residents of the Republic of Dagestan. We are also grateful to the all the inspectors of the Sarykum Barkhan site of the Dagestan State Reserve for their comprehensive assistance in the pre- and post-expedition period.

Funding

This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 19-14-00066).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kronotsky State Reserve, 684000, Elizovo, Kamchatka krai, Russia

    G. N. Markevich

  2. Federal Scientific Research Institute for Environmental Protection, 117628, Moscow, Russia

    N. I. Shilin

  3. Dagestan State Nature Reserve, Republic of Dagestan, 367010, Makhachkala, Russia

    R. M. Barkhalov

  4. Caspian Institute of Biological Resources, Dagestan Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 367026, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia

    R. M. Barkhalov

  5. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia

    A. A. Makhrov

  6. St. Petersburg State University, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia

    A. A. Makhrov

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  1. G. N. Markevich
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  2. N. I. Shilin
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  3. R. M. Barkhalov
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  4. A. A. Makhrov
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Correspondence to A. A. Makhrov.

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Conflict of interest. The authors declare that they do not have a conflict of interest.

Ethical standards. Applicable ethical standards were followed. Fishing was carried out in accordance with permit no. 145 issued by Rosprirodnadzor (Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources of Russian Federation).

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Translated by D. Martynova

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Markevich, G.N., Shilin, N.I., Barkhalov, R.M. et al. Modern Ichthyofauna of Lake Kezenoi-Am (North Caucasus) and Conservation Measures for Endemic Kezenoi-Am Trout Salmo trutta ezenami. Russ J Ecol 53, 396–403 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1067413622050071

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