References
Baskin, L.M., The brown bear in Russia: Is there a future for him?, Byull. Mosk. O-va ispyt. Prir., Otd. Biol., 1996, vol. 101, no. 2, pp. 18–29.
Sitnikova, E.F., The brown bear, in Krasnaya kniga Bryanskoi oblasti. Zhivotnye (The Red Data Book of Bryansk Oblast: Animals), Bryansk, 2004, pp. 32–35.
Vaisfel’d, M.A., Baskin, L.M., and Gubar’, Yu.P., Dynamics of the southern boundary of brown bear range in European Russia, Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Geogr., 2008, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 81–88.
Kirikov, S.V., Izmeneniya zhivotnogo mira v prirodnykh zonakh SSSR (XIII–XIX vv.). Stepnaya zona i lesostep' (Changes in the Fauna within Natural Zones of the Soviet Union in the 13th to 19th Centuries: The Steppe and Forest–Steppe Zones), Moscow: Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1959.
Kirikov, S.V., Izmeneniya zhivotnogo mira v prirodnykh zonakh SSSR (XIII–XIX vv.). Lesnaya zona i lesotundra (Changes in the Fauna within Natural Zones of the Soviet Union in the 13th to 19th Centuries: The Forest and Forest–tundra Zones), Moscow: Nauka, 1960.
Danilov, P.I., Okhotnich’i zveri Karelii. Ekologiya, resursy, upravlenie, okhrana (Game Animals of Karelia: Ecology, Resources, Management, and Protection), Moscow: Nauka, 2005.
Puchkovskii, S.V. and Volkova, E.V., Materials on the study of brown bear behavior upon encounters with humans in Udmurtia, in Fauna i ekologiya zhivotnykh UASSR i prilezhashchikh raionov (The Fauna and Animal Ecology of the Udmurt Republic and Neighboring Regions), Izhevsk, 1989, pp. 54–60.
Sahlén, V., Encounters between brown bears and humans in Scandinavia: Contributing factors, bear behavior and management perspective, Philosophiae Doctor Thesis, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 2013.
Pazhetnov, V.S., Buryi medved’ (The Brown Bear), Moscow: Agropromizdat, 1990.
Schwarz, C.J. and Seber, G.A.F., Estimating animal abundance: Review 3, Stat. Sci., 1999, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 427–456.
Kelly, M.J., Noss, A.J., Bitetti, M.S., et al., Estimating puma densities from camera trapping across three study sites: Bolivia, Argentina, and Belize, J. Mammal., 2008, vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 408–418.
Wellwood, D.W., Assessing the risk of bear–human interaction at river campsites, Ursus, 2002, vol. 13, pp. 293–297.
Ordiz, A., Støen, O.-G., Delibes, M., and Swenson, J.E., Predators or prey? Spatio-temporal discrimination of human-derived risk by brown bears, Oecologia, 2011, vol. 166, pp. 59–67.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © L.M. Baskin, 2017, published in Ekologiya, 2017, No. 5, pp. 400–403.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Baskin, L.M. Visibility in the forest as a factor determining its protective properties for the brown bear. Russ J Ecol 48, 495–497 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1067413617050022
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1067413617050022