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Assessing the Ecological Risks and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal Contamination at Solid Waste Dumpsites

  • DEGRADATION, REHABILITATION, AND CONSERVATION OF SOILS
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Abstract

Soil samples from wild solid waste dumpsites were collected in the Bijeljina-Zvornik region (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina), and the concentrations potentionally toxic metals (Ni, Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Fe and Al). The disposal of waste at wild dumpsites has emerged as a serious environmental challenge affecting both developed and developing countries. This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the complex issue of wild dumpsites, focusing on the contamination of the environment with toxic metals. The improper disposal of solid waste has become a global concern, with wild dumpsites being a significant component of the problem. In accordance with national legislation, the mean values for Cd and Ni exceeded the limit values. Very strong positive correlations are observed between Zn and Cu, between Cd and Pb and between Ni and Cr. The ecological risk assessments for Mn are extremely high; for Ni and Pb, they are high; for Zn, Cu and Cr, they are appreciable; and for Cd, they are moderate. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Contamination Factor were used to evaluate metal pollution in soil samples. PLI values exceeding 1.0 in five samples signify soil pollution, supported by mean values indicating contamination. Research findings reveal different contamination levels, with Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn at low levels, and Ni and Cd at moderate levels. The visualized results of ecological risk assessments for heavy metals in the soil underscore the critical importance of continuous monitoring and effective management of heavy metals at illegal dumpsites to preserve and protect surrounding ecosystems. The use of Surfer 12 software and the kriging method has proven to be an invaluable tool for exploring the spatial distribution of toxic metals in the study area.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Upgrading of the waste management public service capacities in the cross-border region, project no. CBC SRB-BiH 2014-2020. Research was conducted entirely with the equipment from the PSRI Institute for Protection and Ecology of the Republic of Srpska.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. PSRI Institute for Protection and Ecology of the Republic of Srpska, 78000, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    P. Ilić & S. Ilić

  2. Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan

    Z. Mushtaq

  3. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430000, Wuhan, China

    A. Rashid

  4. National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, 25000, Peshawar, Pakistan

    A. Rashid

  5. Pan-European University, “APEIRON”, 78000, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Lj. Stojanović Bjelić & D. Nešković Markić

  6. University Union Nikola Tesla, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    S. Mrazovac Kurilić

  7. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Z. U. R. Farooqi & S. Riaz

  8. MNS University of Agriculture, 60000, Multan, Pakistan

    Z. U. R. Farooqi

  9. College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 132000, Jilin, China

    M. Y. Jat Baloch

  10. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, 4103, Leipzig, Germany

    T. Mehmood

  11. School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430000, Wuhan, China

    Z. Ullah

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Ilić, P., Ilić, S., Mushtaq, Z. et al. Assessing the Ecological Risks and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal Contamination at Solid Waste Dumpsites. Eurasian Soil Sc. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229324700303

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