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Microbiome of Supraglacial Systems on the Aldegonda and Bertil Glaciers (Svalbard)

  • SOIL BIOLOGY
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Abstract

Microbial biomass, diversity of culturable bacteria and micromycetes, and the number of functional nitrogen cycle genes in the supraglacial systems of the Aldegonda and Bertil glaciers have been studied. The biomass of microorganisms varies from 2.54 to 722 µg/g substrate. It is shown for the first time that the major part (78.7–99.8%) of microbial biomass in supraglacial objects is represented by fungi rather than by prokaryotes, and the main part (70 to 90%) of the fungal biomass consists of mycelium with the length varying from 6.70 to 537.51 m/g substrate. The counts of prokaryotes vary from 2.4 × 108 to 1.95 × 109 cells/g substrate. The length of actinomycete mycelium falls into the range of 2.6–62.61 m/g substrate. The counts of culturable bacteria and actinomycetes vary from 3.3 × 104 to 1.2 × 106 CFU/g substrate and of micromycetes, from 2.2 × 101 to 1.7 × 104 CFU/g substrate. Bacteria of the genera Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Rhodococcus, Streptomyces and micromycetes of the genera Antarctomyces, Cadophora, Hyphozyma, Teberdinia and Thelebolus are dominants. The micromycetes Antarctomyces psychrotrophicus, Hyphozyma variabilis and Teberdinia hygrophila are found in Svalbard for the first time. The copy number of amoA genes in ammonium-oxidizing bacteria varies from 5.33 × 106 to 4.86 × 109/g substrate; of nitrogen fixation genes nifH, from 9.89 × 107 to 9.81 × 1010/g substrate; and denitrification genes nirK, from 4.82 × 107 to 3.34 × 1010/g substrate. These results indirectly suggest the leading role of fungi in the microbiome of the supraglacial objects in Svalbard and a considerable contribution of prokaryotes to the emission of greenhouse gases there.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 20-17-00212: a block of microbiological studies and determination of carbon and nitrogen contents in climatic and soils. Fieldwork was supported by the state funding for the Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences (studies in Spitsbergen).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federal Research Center Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, 119017, Moscow, Russia

    D. A. Nikitin

  2. Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017, Moscow, Russia

    D. A. Nikitin, E. P. Zazovskaya, N. S. Mergelov & S. V. Goryachkin

  3. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    L. V. Lysak

  4. Center for Applied Isotope Studies, University of Georgia, 30602, Athens, GA, USA

    E. P. Zazovskaya

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  1. D. A. Nikitin
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Correspondence to D. A. Nikitin.

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Nikitin, D.A., Lysak, L.V., Zazovskaya, E.P. et al. Microbiome of Supraglacial Systems on the Aldegonda and Bertil Glaciers (Svalbard). Eurasian Soil Sc. 57, 601–622 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229323603189

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