Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral element required for the growth of plants. However, the current status of Mn in Sri Lankan rice-cultivated lowlands is not known. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the (i) spatial differentiation of exchangeable Mn in top soils, and (ii) examine the interactive effects of the agro-climatic zone (ACZ), soil order and water source in determining the exchangeable Mn concentration in lowland paddy fields in Sri Lanka. A total of 9137 soil samples representing six ACZs, six soil orders, and three water sources were collected. Soil Mn was extracted using 0.01 M CaCl2 and measured using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometry. Exchangeable Mn concentration ranged between 0.72–288.8 mg kg−1 with a mean of 23.02 mg kg−1. Samples collected from Wet zone Low country had lower Mn concentration than other ACZs. Among the soil orders, Alfisols and Entisols had higher Mn concentrations while Histosols reported the lowest. Rainfed paddy fields retained more Mn than supplementary irrigated fields in the Dry zone Low country. Moreover, Mn concentration was negatively correlated with soil pH, annual rainfall and grain yield. Therefore, ACZ, soil, and water source-dependеnt Mn management strategies are needed when improving Mn nutrition of rice in Sri Lanka.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
S. Balasooriya, S. Diyabalanage, S. K. Yatigammana, O. A. Ileperuma, and R. Chandrajith, “Major and trace elements in rice paddy soils in Sri Lanka with special emphasis on regions with endemic chronic kidney disease of undetermined origin,” Environ. Geochem. Health 44 (6), 1841–1855 (2022).
J. M. R. S. Bandara, D. M. A. N. Senevirathna, D. M. R. S. B. Dasanayake, V. Herath, J. M. R. P. Bandara, T. Abeysekara, and K. H. Rajapaksha, “Chronic renal failure among farm families in cascade irrigation systems in Sri Lanka associated with elevated dietary cadmium levels in rice and freshwater fish (Tilapia),” Environ. Geochem. Health 30, 465–478 (2008).
B. Bastin and V. K. Venugopal, “Available nutrient status of some red soils (Alfisols) from different regions in Kerala,” Agric. Res. J. Kerala 24 (1), 22–29 (1986).
P. Bhattacharya, S. Sengupta, and S. Halder, “Characterization and delineation of micronutrient pools in some selected Inceptisols and Alfisols of West Bengal,” Int. J. Chem. Stud. 8 (2), 732–746 (2020).
R. Chandrajith, C. Dissanayake, and H. Tobschall, “Geochemistry of trace elements in paddy (rice) soils of Sri Lanka-implications for iodine deficiency disorders (IDD),” Environ. Geochem. Health 27 (1), 55–64 (2005).
C. Chukwuma Sr, “Evaluating baseline data for copper, manganese, nickel and zinc in rice, yam, cassava and guinea grass from cultivated soils in Nigeria,” Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 53 (1), 47–61 (1995).
A. R. Dassanayake, A. Senarath, L. S. K. Hettiarachchi, and R. B. Mapa, “Major soils of the Wet Zone and their classification,” in The Soils of Sri Lanka, World Soils Book Series. Ed. by R. B. Mapa (Springer, Cham, 2020), pp. 83–94.
A. R. Dassanayake, R. B. De Silva, and R. B. Mapa, “Major soils of the Dry Zone and their classification,” in The Soils of Sri Lanka, World Soils Book Series, Ed. by R. B. Mapa (Springer, Cham, 2020), pp. 49–67.
DOA, Rice Cultivation Colombo, Sri Lanka (Rice Research and Development Institute, Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka, 2020).
A. Dobermann and T. H. Fairhurst, Rice: Nutrient Disorders and Nutrient Management, 1st Ed. (Potash and Phosphate Institute, Potash and Phosphate Institute of Canada and International Rice Research Institute, Singapore, 2000).
B. K. Dube, N. E. E. N. A. Khurana, and C. Chatterjee, “Yield, physiology and productivity of rice under manganese stress,” Indian J. Plant Physiol. 7 (4), 392–395 (2002).
N. K. Fageria, “Adequate and toxic levels of copper and manganese in upland rice, common bean, corn, soybean, and wheat grown on an oxisol,” Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 32 (9–10), 1659–1676. (2001).
N. K. Fageria, Mineral Nutrition of Rice (CRC press, 2013).
R. J. Gilkes and R. M. McKenzie, “Geochemistry and mineralogy of manganese in soils,” in Manganese in Soils and Plants, Ed. by R. D. Graham (Springer, Dordrecht, 1988), pp. 23–35.
M. C. Hernandez-Soriano, F. Degryse, E. Lombi, and E. Smolders, “Manganese toxicity in barley is controlled by solution manganese and soil manganese speciation,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 76 (2), 399–407 (2012).
V. J. G. Houba, E. J. M. Temminghoff, G. A. Gaikhorst, and W. Van Vark, “Soil analysis procedures using 0.01 M calcium chloride as extraction reagent,” Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 31 (9–10), 1299–1396 (2000).
J. M. Humphries, J. C. R. Stangoulis, and R. D. Graham, “Manganese,” in Handbook of Plant Nutrition, Ed. by A. V. Barker and D. J. Pilbeam (Taylor and Francis, USA, 2007), pp. 351–366.
L. Imbulana, “Water allocation between agriculture and hydropower: a case study of Kalthota irrigation scheme, Sri Lanka,” in Integrated Water Resources Management: Global Theory, Emerging Practice, and Local Needs, Ed. by P. P. Mollinga, A. Dixit, and K. Athukorala (Sage Publications, 2006), pp. 219–248.
S. P. Indraratne, “Soil mineralogy,” in The Soils of Sri Lanka, World Soils Book Series, Ed. by R. B. Mapa (Springer, Cham, 2020), pp. 35–47.
H. K. Kadupitiya R. N. Madushan, U. K. Rathnayake, R. Thilakasiri, S. B. Dissanayaka. M. Ariyaratne, and L. Suriyagoda, “Use of smartphones for rapid location tracking in mega scale soil sampling,” Open J. Appl. Sci. 11, 239–253 (2021).
H. Li, F. Santos, K. Butler, and E. Herndon, “A critical review on the multiple roles of manganese in stabilizing and destabilizing soil organic matter,” Environ. Sci. Technol. 55 (18), 12136–12152 (2021).
W. L. Lindsay and W. Norvell, “Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42 (3), 421–428 (1978).
S. H. Lu, Y. X. Xu, and S. N. Hu, “Features of manganese of paddy soil conditions of manganese deficiency on wheat,” Southwest China J. Agric. Sci. 3, 87–91 (1990).
S. C. Maguffin, L Abu-Ali, R. V. Tappero, J. Pena, J. S. Rohila, A. M. McClung, and M. C. Reid, “Influence of manganese abundances on iron and arsenic solubility in rice paddy soils,” Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 276, 50–69 (2020).
K. Mahatantila, R. Chandrajith, H. A. H. Jayasena, and K. B. Ranawana, “Spatial and temporal changes of hydrogeochemistry in ancient tank cascade systems in Sri Lanka: evidence for a constructed wetland,” Water Environ. J. 22 (1), 17–24 (2008).
R. M. Mc Kenzie, “Manganese oxides and hydroxides,” in Minerals in Soil Environments, Soil Science Society of America Book Series, Ed. by J. B. Dixon and S. B. Weed, 2nd Ed. (Soil Science Society of America, Madison, 1989), pp. 439–465.
N. Miyata, Y. Tani, M. Sakata, and K. Iwahori, “Microbial manganese oxide formation and interaction with toxic metal ions,” J. Biosci. Bioeng. 104 (1), 1–8 (2007).
J. J. Mortvedt, “Needs for controlled-availability micronutrient fertilizers,” Fert. Res. 38, 213–221 (1994).
F. Nadeem and M. Farooq, “Application of micronutrients in rice-wheat cropping system of South Asia,” Rice Sci. 26 (6), 356–371 (2019).
E. R. Page, “Studies in soil and plant manganese,” Plant Soil 16 (2), 247–257 (1962).
C. R. Panabokke, “Rice soils of Sri Lanka,” in Soils and Rice (International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, 1978), pp. 19–33.
F. N. Ponnamperuma, “Some aspects of the physical chemistry of paddy soils,” in Proceedings of Symposium on Paddy Soils (Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1981), pp. 59–94.
J. E. Post, “Manganese oxide minerals: crystal structures and economic and environmental significance,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96 (7), 3447–3454 (1999).
R. M. B. Rajakaruna, “New approach for the success of Yala cultivation in Dry zone under drought condition,” Engineer 47 (4), (2014).
Z. Rengel, “Uptake and transport of manganese in plants,” in Metal Ions in Biological Systems, Ed. by A. Sigel, H. Sigel, 1st Ed. (Marcel Dekker, New York, 2000), vol. 37, pp. 57–87.
J. T. Sims and G. V. Johnson, “Micronutrient soil tests,” in Micronutrients in Agriculture, Ed. by J. J. Mortvedt, 2nd Ed. (SSSA, Madison, 1991), vol. 4, pp. 427–476.
G. H. Snyder, D. B. Jones, and F. J Coale, “Occurrence and correction of manganese deficiency in Histosol-grown rice,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54 (6), 1634–1638 (1990).
A. Tanaka and S. A. Navasero, “Manganese content of the rice plant under water culture conditions,” Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 12 (2), 21–26 (1966).
P. J. Van Erp, V. J. G. Houba, J. A. Reijneveld, and M. L. Van Beusichem, “Relationship between magnesium extracted by 0.01 M calcium chloride extraction procedure and conventional procedures,” Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 32 (1–2), 1–18 (2001).
Y. N. Vodyanitskii, “Mineralogy and geochemistry of manganese: a review of publications,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 42 (10), 1170–1178 (2009).
J. Zbíral and P. Němec, “Comparison of Mehlich 2, Mehlich 3, CAL, Schachtschabel, 0.01 M CaCl2 and Aqua Regia extractants for determination of potassium in soils,” Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 36 (4–6), 795–803 (2005).
Y. Zhuang, J. Zhu, L. Shi, Q. Fu, H. Hu, and Q. Huang, “Influence mechanisms of iron, aluminium and manganese oxides on the mineralization of organic matter in paddy soil,” J. Environ. Manage. 301, 113916 (2022).
USS WRB. 2014 Working Group, World Reference Base on Soil Resources 2015. International Soil Classification System for the Designation of Soils and the Creation of Symbols for Soil Maps. Reports on World Soil Resources No. 106 (FAO, Rome). https://www.fao.org/3/i3794en/I3794en.pdf.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Authors thank the technical assistance given by Mr Dhanushka Gamage for laboratory analysis of soil samples.
Funding
Financial assistance from the World Bank through the AHEAD/RA3/DOR/STEM/No16 grant is acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note.
Pleiades Publishing remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rajapaksha, I., Madushan, N.D., Sirisena, D.N. et al. Exchangeable Manganese in Diverse Rice-Cultivated Top Soils (0–15 cm) of Sri Lanka. Eurasian Soil Sc. 56 (Suppl 2), S366–S375 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229323601051
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229323601051