Abstract—
An overview of modern concepts of technogenesis and soil formation in the decommissioned wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) of sugar factories, as well as trends in soil property changes under waste use in agriculture as organic fertilizers in different natural zones is given. The physicochemical and biological properties of soils formed on different components of WTPs in the chernozemic zone of Russia are considered. On the earth walls made of material extracted from settling ponds during their construction, dark-humus typical soils (Cambisols) are formed; on the waste of sugar factories (press mud) transported to the surface of the walls, technogenic pelozems (Technosols) are identified. Within the bottoms of abandoned settling ponds filled by the sewage sludge, technogenic dark-humus stratozems (Fluvisols or Technosols) are formed. In cases of removal of technogenic sediment, after 30–40 years, dark-humus hydrometamorphic soils with clear bioturbation are formed. Compared to the background chernozems, the soils of the dried bottoms of ponds show an abundance of organic residues, an increase in alkalinity and nutrients, ferrugination, the development of phosphate and carbonate neoformations, cadmium and zinc pollution, and increased levels of mean annual greenhouse gas emissions. The usage of sugar production waste (alkaline press mud and strongly acidic beet pulp) in a pure form or in combination with other fertilizers is considered one of the methods of biologization of agriculture. However, this does not always lead to an improvement in soil properties and an increase in crop yields compared to control variants.
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This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 19-29-05025mk (conceptual generalization, technogenesis); its part related to the classification and diagnostics of soils and geographical aspects was carried out within the framework of state assignment of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences no. AAAA-A19-1190221901-5 (FMGE-2019-0006).
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Zamotaev, I.V., Gracheva, R.G., Mikheev, P.V. et al. Formation and Transformation of Soils in the Areas of Sugar Industry Waste Disposal: A Review. Eurasian Soil Sc. 55, 1005–1015 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229322080154
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229322080154