Abstract
The paper focuses on the interactions among the components of urban natural complex (surface soil layer, rhizosphere, and aboveground phytomass of herbaceous plants) polluted by motor vehicles. The goal of this study is to identify the zone of pollution sources impact and the specific features in accumulation of pollutants in soil–plant systems with different levels of load. The distribution and migration of marker compounds—14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (polyarenes, or PAHs)—are analyzed in the southwest of Moscow (the campus of the RUDN University and the adjacent area of the Southwest Forest Park) in functional zones differing by the volumes of technogenic loads. The soils of the examined territory according to WRB belong to Albic Retisols (Ochric). The spatial distribution of polyarenes in the system “surface soil layer–rhizosphere–aboveground part of plants” is modeled using data analysis procedures and visualized with the help of the ArcGIS software (Topo-to-Raster tool). The effects of aerial mass transfer of polyarenes into the soil–plant system as the main pathway for the entry of pollutants are evaluated. The prevalent polyarenes and the factors determining the volumes of their accumulation in the functional zones of the studied area are identified. The genesis of polyarenes is assessed according to the abundance ratios of their groups. The differences in the conditions and dynamics of PAH accumulation in soil and plant components are shown. The results are particularly useful to formulate the requirements to soil monitoring in the studied area, to analyze the dynamics of the state of urban territory, and to justify the measures for protection of urban areas under a traffic load.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
G. I. Agapkina, V. V. Stolbova, E. S. Brodskiy, A. A. Shelepchikov, and D. B. Feshin, “Predominant organic contaminants in arboretum soil of the Botanical Garden of Moscow State University: Report 2. Specific features of vertical distribution pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the profile of urbo-soddy-podzolic soil,” Moscow Univ. Soil Sci. Bull. 70, 122–129 (2015).
D. V. Boeva and A. P. Khaustov, “Assessment of the vehicles impact on the RUDN campus,” Vestn. Ross. Univ. DruzhbyNar., Ser. Ekol. Bezop. Zhiznedeyat. 26 (4), 419–430 (2018). https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2018-26-4-419-430
D. N. Gabov, V. A. Beznosikov, B. M. Kondratenok, and E. V. Yakovleva, “Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soils of technogenic landscapes,” Geochem. Int. 48, 569–579 (2010).
A. N. Gennadiev, Geochemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Rocks and Soils (Moscow State Univ., Moscow, 1996) [in Russian].
A. N. Gennadiev, A. P. Zhidkin, and T. S. Koshovskii, “Factors and trends in the formation of natural–technogenic associations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the snow–soil system,” Dokl. Earth Sci. 490, 36–39 (2020).
A. N. Gennadiev and Yu. I. Pikovskii, “The maps of soil tolerance toward pollution with oil products and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: methodological aspects,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 40, 70–81 (2007).
A. P. Zhidkin, A. N. Gennadiev, and T. S. Koshovskii, “Input and behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in arable, fallow, and forest soils of the taiga zone (Tver oblast),” Eurasian Soil Sci. 50, 296–304 (2017).
E. Yu. Konstantinova, S. N. Sushkova, T. M. Minkina, et al., “Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils of industrial and residential areas of Tyumen,” Izv. Tomsk. Politekh. Univ., Inzh. Georesur. 329 (8), 66–79 (2018).
P. V. Krasilnikov, “Stable carbon compounds in soils: their origin and functions,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 48, 997–1008 (2015).
E. D. Lodygin, V. A. Beznosikov, D. N. Gabov, and S. N. Chukov, “Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils of Vasilievsky Island (St. Petersburg),” Eurasian Soil Sci. 41, 1321–1326 (2008).
E. M. Nikiforova, N. E. Kosheleva, and T. S. Khaibrakhmanov, “Ecological-geochemical assessment of sealed soil in Eastern Moscow,” Vestn. Ross. Univ. Druzhby Nar., Ser. Ekol. Bezop. Zhiznedeyat. 25 (4) (2017). https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2017-25-4-480-509
V. M. Piskareva, T. S. Koshovskii, and A. N. Gennadiev, “Concentrations and fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aquatic landscapes of the Don, Kuban, and Volga deltas,” in Proceedings of the International School-Seminar and Scientific Conference in Memoriam of Outstanding Russian Scientist Yurii Borisovich Vinogradov “Hydrology: From Cognition to Ideology” (St. Petersburg State Univ., St. Petersburg, 2020), pp. 990–994.
F. Ya. Rovinskii, T. A. Teplitskaya, and T. A. Alekseeva, Background Monitoring of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1988) [in Russian].
P. Yu. Silaeva and A. P. Khaustov, “Transport load on the RUDN campus,” in Proceedings of the Annual All-Russia Scientific-Practical Conf. “Potapov’s Readings 2019” (National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Moscow, 2019), pp. 142–146.
M. N. Stroganova, A. D. Myagkova, T. V. Prokof’eva, and A. A. Gubankov, “Soil map of Moscow (with legend),” in Ecological Atlas of Moscow (ABF/ABF, Moscow, 2000) [in Russian].
A. P. Khaustov and M. M. Redina, “Paradoxes of the concentration of hydrocarbons in the components of geosystems (by the example of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons),” in Proceedings of XXII Sergeev’s Readings “Geoecological Aspects of Implementation of the Ekologiya National Project. Dialog of Generations” (Peoples’ FriendshipUniversity of Russia, Moscow, 2020), pp. 94–103.
A. P. Khaustov, M. M. Redina, A. M. Aleinikova, R. Kh. Mamadzhanov, and P. Yu. Silaeva, “The project of ecological monitoring at the RUDN campus,” Vestn. Ross. Univ. Druzhby Nar., Ser. Ekol. Bezop. Zhiznedeyat. 25 (4), 562–584 (2017). https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2017-25-4-562-584
A. P. Khaustov, M. M. Redina, and E. V. Yakovleva, “Groundwater sources as geochemical system-creating objects (interpretation based on PAH distribution),” Geoekol., Inzh. Geol., Gidrogeol., Geokriol., No. 3, 3–17 (2018).
V. A. Tret’yakov, L. V. Kornev, and O. B. Krivosheeva, Impact of Tires on the Environment and Humans (Neftekhimprom, Moscow, 2006) [in Russian].
A. S. Tsibart, A. N. Gennadiev, T. S. Koshovskii, and N. S. Gamova, “Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in pyrogenic soils of swampy landscapes of the Meshchera Lowland,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 49, 285–293 (2016).
E. V. Shestova, E. M. Nikiforova, N. E. Kosheleva, and I. V. Timofeev, “Pollution of the soils of Severobaikalsk by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,” in Proceedings of the International Symp. “Engineering Ecology–2019” (Moscow, 2019), pp. 281–285.
E. V. Yakovleva, D. N. Gabov, V. A. Beznosikov, and B. M. Kondratenok, “Influence of benzo[a]pyrene pollution on growth processes and composition of plant polyarenes,” Teor. Prikl. Ekol., No. 4, 45–51 (2015).
E. V. Yakovleva, D. N. Gabov, V. A. Beznosikov, and B. M. Kondratenok, “Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and lower-layer plants of the southern shrub tundra under technogenic conditions,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 47, 562–572 (2014).
E. V. Yakovleva, D. N. Gabov, R. S. Vasilevich, and N. N. Goncharova, “Participation of plants in the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in peatlands,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 53, 317–329 (2020).
E. V. Yakovleva, D. N. Gabov, and K. S. Vezhov, “Accumulation of polyarenes in soils and shrubs Betula nana in the southern tundra,” Izv. Komi Nauchn. Tsentra, Ural. Otd., Ross. Akad. Nauk, No. 2 (34), 33–42 (2018).
D. L. Freeman and F. C. Cattell, “Woodburning as a source of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,” Environ. Sci. Technol. 24, 1581–1585 (1990).
M. F. Hutchinson, ANUDEM Version 5.3: User Guide (Fenner School of Environment and Society, AustralianNationalUniversity, Canberra, 2011). https:// fe-nnerschool.anu.edu.au/files/usedem53_pdf_16552.pdf.
IUSS Working Group WRB, World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, International Soil Classification System for Naming Soils and Creating Legends for Soil Maps, World Soil Resources Reports No. 106 (UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, 2014).
E. Menichini, “Urban air pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: levels and sources of variability,” Sci. Total Environ. 116, 109–135 (1992).
Priority pollutant list. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/priority-pollutant-list-epa.pdf.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors are sincerely grateful to D.N. Gabov and E.V. Yakovleva (Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences) for their active assistance in analytical determination of PAHs in the initial samples.
Funding
This study was supported by the Program of Strategic Academic Leadership of RUDN University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Translated by G. Chirikova
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Khaustov, A.P., Kenzhin, Z.D., Redina, M.M. et al. Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Soil–Plant System as Affected by Motor Vehicles in Urban Environment. Eurasian Soil Sc. 54, 1107–1118 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229321070061
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229321070061