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Enhanced Sorption of Cadmium by using Biochar Nanoparticles from Ball Milling in a Sandy Soil

  • SOIL CHEMISTRY
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Abstract

Two sizes of particles have been employed from wood-derived biochar which produced by slow pyrolysis at 650°C under Ar gas flow to investigate size and dosage effects of biochar at cadmium (Cd) sorption via batch experiment in a sandy soil. The macro (MBC) (0.5–1 mm) and nano size (NBC) of biochar divided by sieving and milling by planetary ball mill processes from pristine biochar, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis of NBC indicated the presence of magnesian-calcite mineral with turbostratic crystallites. Also, NBC differs from MBC by a higher intensity and different types of surface functional groups such as hydroxyl and carboxyl, and by more polarity, aromaticity and less C–C bands based on FTIR analysis. The zeta potential of NBC ranged from +16.2 to –71.8 mV which can be an effective factor in the agglomeration of particles. NBC particles have a higher specific surface area (approximately 210%) and total pore volume and external surface area, and greater mean pore diameter than MBC. Isotherm equations, namely, Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich were applied to evaluate which model provides the best fit predicted data with experimental results. The Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit according to adjusted R2 and reduced chi-square parameters. By adding 2% (w/w) of MBC and NBC to sandy soil samples, maximum sorption of cadmium reached 328.9 and 1062.4 mg kg–1 which were 58.6% and 412.2% more than control soil. The findings of the study confirmed that ball milling proposes nanobiochar which is more effective at cadmium sorption from contaminated solutions.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank the University of Tabriz. In addition, the authors wish to thank Wageningen University and Research as well, the Ministry of Science and Technology of Iran for providing a research fellowship to the paper’s first author.

Funding

This project is supported by a research grant of the University of Tabriz (number 810).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, P.O. Box 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran

    H. Ramezanzadeh, A. Reyhanitabar & S. Oustan

  2. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 31587-77871, Tehran, Iran

    M. H. Mohammadi

  3. Department of Environmental Sciences, Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University and Research, 6708, Wageningen, Netherlands

    S. E. A. T. M. van der Zee

  4. School of Chemistry, Monash University, 3800, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    S. E. A. T. M. van der Zee

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  1. H. Ramezanzadeh
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Correspondence to A. Reyhanitabar.

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Ramezanzadeh, H., Reyhanitabar, A., Oustan, S. et al. Enhanced Sorption of Cadmium by using Biochar Nanoparticles from Ball Milling in a Sandy Soil. Eurasian Soil Sc. 54, 201–211 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229321020125

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