Abstract
The present study illustrates a framework to evaluate soil consumption in Mediterranean regions experiencing rapid urban growth. Results indicate that high-quality soils more suitable for agriculture and forestry were mostly consumed by urbanization especially in flat areas. The consumption of these soils was not concentrated in the first observation period (1948–1975) corresponding to the development of compact settlements, but increased significantly in the last period (1975–2010) mainly characterized by discontinuous and low-density urban expansion. The study underlines the urgent need to inform development policies and urban planning with an in-depth quantification of the soil resource base lost by urbanization.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. G. Aguilar, “Peri-urbanization, illegal settlements and environmental impact in Mexico city,” Cities 25, 133–145 (2008).
M. Alberti, “Maintaining ecological integrity and sustaining ecosystem function in urban areas,” Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 2, 178–184 (2010).
M. Alberti, “The effects of urban patterns on ecosystem function,” Int. Reg. Sci. Rev., 28(2), 168–192 (2005).
M. Antrop, “Why landscapes of the past are important for the future,” Landsc. Urban Plan. 70(1–2), 21–34 (2005).
F. Basso, E. Bove, S. Dumontet, A. Ferrara, M. Pisante, G. Quaranta, “Evaluating environmental sensitivity at the basin scale through the use of geographic information systems and remotely sensed data: an example covering the agribasin-Southern Italy,” Catena 40, 19–35 (2000).
R. Bruegmann, Sprawl: A Compact History (Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2005).
B. Catalan, D. Sauri, and P. Serra, “Urban sprawl in the Mediterranean? Patterns of growth and change in the Barcelona metropolitan region 1993–2000,” Landscape and Urban Planning 85(3–4), 174–184 (2008).
X. Chen, X. Xia, S. Wu, F. Wang, X. Guo, “Mercury in urban soils with various types of land use in Beijing, China,” Environ. Pollut. 158, 48–54 (2000).
I. Chorianopoulos, T. Pagonis, S. Koukoulas, and S. Drymoniti, “Planning, competitiveness and sprawl in the Mediterranean city: the case of Athens,” Cities 27, 249–259 (2010).
M. Christodoulou and G. Nakos, “An approach to comprehensive land-use planning,” J. Environ. Manag. 31, 39–47 (1990).
T. M. Conway and R. G. Lathrop, “Alternative land-use regulations and environmental impacts: assessing future land-use in an urbanizing watershed,” Landsc. Urban Plan. 71(1), 1–15 (2005).
C. Couch, G. Petschel-held, and L. Leontidou, Urban Sprawl in Europe: Landscapes, Land-use Change and Policy (Blackwell, London, 2007).
E. Economidou, “The attic landscape throughout the centuries and its human degradation,” Landsc. Urban Plan. 24, 33–37 (1993).
M. El Araby, “Urban growth and environmental degradation — the case of Cairo, Egypt,” Cities 19(6), 389–400 (2002).
European Environment Agency, Desertification in the Mediterranean Region (København, 2009) [http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/desertification-in-the-mediterranean-region].
European Environment Agency, Mapping Guide for a European Urban Atlas. Version 1.1. (Copenhagen, 2010).
European Environment Agency, Soil Quality Index Map, (København, 2009) [http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/soil-quality-index-map].
European Environment Agency, Urban Sprawl in Europe. The Ignored Challenge, EEA Report no. 10 (Copenhagen, 2006).
E. Feoli, VuerichL. Gallizia, and W. Zerihun, “Evaluation of environmental degradation in northern Ethiopia using gis to integrate vegetation, geomorphological, erosion, and socioeconomic factors,” Agric. Ecosyst. Environ 91, 313–225 (2002).
J. Latorre Garcia, J. Garcia-Latorre, and A. SanchezPicon, “Dealing with aridity: socio-economic structures and environmental changes in an arid Mediterranean region,” Land Use Policy 18, 53–64 (2001).
V. Morelli Gargiulo and L. Salvati, Ad Hoc Urban Sprawl in the Mediterranean City. Dispersing a Compact Tradition? (Nuova Cultura, Roma, 2010).
G. Giannakourou, “Transforming spatial planning policy in Mediterranean countries: Europeanization and domestic change,” Europ. Planning Studies 13, 319–331 (2005).
G. Gisladottir and M. Stocking, “Land degradation control and its global environmental benefits,” Land Degrad. Dev. 16, 99–112 (2005).
D. L. Karlen, C. A. Ditzler, and S. S. Andrews, “Soil quality: why and how?,” Geoderma 114, 145–156 (2003).
X. Kong, T. H. Dao, J. Qin, C. Li, and F. Zhang, “Effects of soil texture and land use interactions on organic carbon in soils in north China cities’ urban fringe,” Geoderma 154, 86–92 (2009).
C. Kosmas, S. Gerontidis, and M. Marathianou, “The effect of land use change on soil and vegetation over various lithological formations on Lesvos,” Catena 40, 51–68 (2000).
J. Marull, J. Pino, E. Tello, and M. J. Cordobilla, “Social metabolism, landscape change and land-use planning in the Barcelona metropolitan region,” Land Use Policy 27(2), 497–510 (2009).
D. McGregor, D. Simon, and D. Thompson, The Peri-Urban Interface: Approaches to Sustainable Natural and Human Resource Use (Earthscan, London, 2006).
L. Montanarella, “Trends in land degradation in Europe,” Climate and Land Degradation, Ed. by M. V. Sivakumar and N. Ndiangui (Springer, Berlin, 2007).
V. Paul and M. Tonts, “Containing urban sprawl: trends in land-use and spatial planning in the metropolitan region of Barcelona,” J. Environ. Plan. Manag. 48(1), 7–35 (2005).
L. Podmanicky, K. Bala’zs, M. Bele’nyesi, C. Centeri, D. Kristo’f, and N. Kohlheb, “Modelling soil quality changes in Europe. An impact assessment of land use change on soil quality in Europe,” Ecol. Indicators 11, 4–15 (2011).
T. V. Prokof’yeva, I. A. Martynenko, and F. A. Ivannikov, “Classification of Moscow soils and parent materials and its possible inclusion in the classification system of Russian soils,” Eur. Soil Sci., 44(5), 561–571 (2011).
T. V. Prokof’eva, M. S. Rozanova, and V. O. Poputnikov, “Some features of soil organic matter in parks and adjacent residential areas of Moscow,” Eur. Soil Sci., 46(3), 273–283 (2013).
T. V. Prokof’eva, S. N. Sedov, M. N. Stroganova, and A. A. Kazdym, “An experience of the micromorphological diagnostics of urban soils,” Eur. Soil Sci. 34(7), 783–792 (2001).
C. L. Redman and N. S. Jones, “The environmental, social, and health dimensions of urban expansion,” Population Environ. 26(6), 505–520 (2005).
J. L. Rubio and E. Bochet, “Desertification indicators as diagnosis criteria for desertification risk assessment in Europe,” J. Arid Environ. 39, 113–120 (1998).
L. Salvati, “A chronicle of a death foretold,” in Urban Shrinkage and Land Consumption in Rome, Italy European Planning Studies, 2013 [in press].
L. Salvati and S. Bajocco, “Land sensitivity to desertification across Italy: past, present, and future,” Appl. Geogr. 31(1), 223–231 (2011).
L. Salvati and A. Sabbi, “Exploring long-term land cover changes in an urban region of southern Europe,” Int. J. Sustain. Developm. World Ecol., 18(4), 273–282 (2011).
L. Salvati and M. Zitti, “Assessing the impact of ecological and economic factors on land degradation vulnerability through multiway analysis,” Ecol. Indicat. 9, 357–363 (2009).
M. Schloter, O. Dilly, and J. C. Muncha, “Indicators for evaluating soil quality,” Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 98, 255–262 (2003).
M. K. Shukla, R. Lal, and M. Ebinger, “Determining soil quality indicators by factor analysis,” Soil Tillage Res. 87, 194–204 (2006).
A. V. Smagin, N. A. Azovtseva, N. V. Smagina, A. L. Stepanov, A. D. Myagkova, A. S. Kurbatova, “Criteria and methods to assess the ecological status of soils in relation to the landscaping of urban territories,” Eur. Soil Sci. 39(4), 539–551 (2006).
M. N. Stroganova, A. D. Myagkova, and T. V. Prokof’eva, “The role of soils in urban ecosystems,” Eur. Soil Sci. 30(1), 82–86 (1997).
M. Tan, X. Xie H. Li, and C. Lu, “Urban land expansion and arable land loss in China — a case study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,” Land Use Policy 22, 187–196 (2005).
V. I. Vasenev, T. V. Prokof’eva, and O. A. Makarov, “The development of approaches to assess the soil organic carbon pools in megapolises and small settlements,” Eur. Soil Sci. 46(6), 725–736 (2013).
X. Xia, X. Chen, R. Liu, and H. Liu, “Heavy metals in urban soils with various types of land use in Beijing, China, J. Hazard. Mater. 186, 2043–2050 (2011).
A. Yli-Viikari, R. Hietala-Koivu, E. Huusela-Veistola, T. Hyvonen, P. Perala, E. Turtola, “Evaluating agrienvironmental indicators (AEIs) — use and limitations of international indicators at national level,” Ecol. Indicat. 7, 150–163 (2007).
X. Zhang, J. Chen, M. Tan, and Y. Sun, “Assessing the impact of urban sprawl on soil resources of Naijing city using satellite images and digital soil databases,” Catena 9, 16–30 (2007).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Published in Russian in Pochvovedenie, 2014, No. 10, pp. 1273–1280.
The article is published in the original.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Salvati, L., Ferrara, C. & Ranalli, F. Changes at the fringe: Soil quality and environmental vulnerability during intense urban expansion. Eurasian Soil Sc. 47, 1069–1075 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1134/S106422931410010X
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S106422931410010X