Abstract
The spatial distribution of major soil horizons and layers of pyroclastic deposits in Kamchatka was analyzed with the use of GIS technologies. For this purpose, the attribute soil database and the computer-supported cartographic database were developed. Their analysis with the help of GIS technologies made it possible to study the dependence of the morphology of soil profiles on the bioclimatic conditions and on the stratification of ash layers in the particular areas of Kamchatka and to develop the cartographic model of the areas of soil horizons. The concept of tephra stratotypes—the particular combinations of ash layers in the profiles of volcanic soils—was verified on the basis of factual materials. It was shown that tephra stratotypes affect many important soil properties and specify the direction of soil formation in Kamchatka. Several major tephra stratotypes differing in their morphology and environmentally important features were distinguished in Central Kamchatka. The method of soil mapping on the basis of the concept of tephra stratotypes with due account for the specificity of surface organic horizons of soils was developed. It is argued that this method makes it possible to reflect the specificity of soil formation in volcanic regions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agrohydrological Properties and Climate of the Soils of Kamchatka (Reference Book), K. P. Bereznyakov (Ed.) (Gos. Kom. SSSR po Gidrometeor. i Kontrolyu Prirodn. Sredy, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, 1980), 369 pp. [in Russian].
I. O. Alyabina, A. O. Makeev, M. S. Marechek, et al., “New Methodological Approaches toward Studying the Geography of Ocherous Volcanic Soils of Kamchatka,” Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. 17: Pochvoved., No. 3, 43–52 (2006).
L. I. Bazanova, O. A. Braitseva, O. V. Dirksen, et al., “Ash Falls of Major Holocene Volcanic Eruptions along the Ust-Bol’sheretsk-Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii Transect: Sources, Chronology, and Frequency,” Vulkanol. Seismol., No. 6, 30–46 (2005).
Ya. G. Bel’tyukova, Candidate’s Dissertation in Biology (Moscow, 1994).
O. A. Braitseva, L. I. Bazanova, I. V. Melekestsev, and L. D. Sulerzhitskii, “Major Holocne Eruptions of Avachinsk Volcano in Kamchatka (14C Stage 7250-3700 BP),” Vulkanol. Seismol., No. 1, 3–24 (1998).
O. A. Braitseva, I. V. Melekestsev, V. V. Ponomareva, et al., “Strong and Catastrophic Explosive Eruptions in Kamchatka during the Past 10 000 Years,” in Geodynamics and Volcanism of the Kuril-Kamchatka Volcanic System (IVGiG DVO RAN, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, 2001) [in Russian].
A. N. Gennadiev, “On Soil Series in the United States,” in Environmental Geochemistry and Soil Geography (Izd-vo Mosk. Gos. Univ., Moscow, 1982), pp. 216–230 [in Russian].
I. P. Gerasimov and E. N. Ivanova, “Three Scientific Directions in the Development of General Problems of Soil Classification and the Relationships between Them,” Pochvovedenie, No. 11, 1–18 (1958).
I. P. Gerasimov and L. P. Il’ina, “Recent Volcanism and Soil Formation in Kamchatka,” Izv. Sib. Otd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, No. 10, 84–93 (1960).
L. V. Zakharikhina, Candidate’s Dissertation in Biology (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, 2001).
S. V. Zonn, L. O. Karpachevskii, and V. V. Stefin, Forest Soils of Kamchatka (Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1963) [in Russian].
L. O. Karpachevskii, “Specific Features of Soil Formation in Kamchatka,” Pochvovedenie, No. 11, 1–10 (1965).
L. O. Karpachevskii, “On the Effect of Different Tree Species on the Volcanic Soils of Kamchatka,” Pochvovedenie, No. 12, 7–16 (1963).
Classification and Diagnostic System of Russian Soils (Oikumena, Smolensk, 2004), 342 pp. [in Russian].
V. M. Kocher’yan, Candidate’s Dissertation in Biology (Moscow, 1990).
S. P. Krasheninnikov, Description of Kamchatka (Moscow, 1949) [in Russian].
Yu. A. Liverovskii, “About Ash Volcanic Soils of Kamchatka,” Pochvovedenie, No. 6, 3–11 (1971).
Yu. A. Liverovskii, “Soils of Kamchatka,” in Kamchatka: Collected Papers (Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1940), Vol. 1 [in Russian].
Yu. A. Liverovskii, Soils of Plains of the Kamchatka Peninsula (Moscow, 1959) [in Russian].
A. O. Makeev, I. O. Alyabina, O. A. Braitseva, et al., “Near Approaches toward Studying the Soil Cover of Kamchatka,” in Geographic Diversity of Soils. Soils and Biota, Proc. of the Inst. of Soil Science of Moscow State Univ., No. 2, pp. 6–50 (2003) [in Russian].
A. O. Makeev, I. O. Alyabina, O. A. Braitseva, et al., “Geography, Genesis, and Evolution of the Soils of Kamchatka as Inferred from the Study of the Soil-Pyroclastic Mantle,” in Soils: the National Heritage of Russia Materials of the IV Congr. of the Dokuchaev Soil Sci. Soc., August 9–13, 2004, (Nauka-Tsentr, Novosibirsk, 2004), Vol. 1, 252–254 [in Russian].
O. I. Malinin, Candidate’s Dissertation in Biology (Moscow, 1981).
M. S. Marechek, Extended Abstract of Candidate’s Dissertation in Biology (Moscow, 2007).
M. S. Marechek, I. O. Alyabina, A. O. Makeev, and L. O. Karpachevskii, “Geography, Genesis, and Age of Surface Organic and Organomineral Horizons in Soils of Kamchatka,” in Geographic Diversity of Soils. Assessment of Soil Resources. Ecological Education. Proc. of the Inst. of Ecological Soil Sci. of Moscow State Univ., No. 5, pp. 114–136 [in Russian].
M. S. Marechek, I. O. Alyabina, and S. A. Shoba, “GIS Model of the Soil Cover of Central Kamchatka,” Dokl. po Ekologich. Pochvoved., 5(1), 20–60 (2007).
Soil Map of the Russian Soviet Federal Social Republic, Scale 1: 2.5 M (GUGK, Moscow, 1988) [in Russian].
N. N. Rozov, N. A. Karavaeva, and T. A. Rode, “The First Plenum of the Commission on Nomenclature, Systematization, and Classification of Soils at the USSR Academy of Sciences,” Pochvovedenie, No. 8, 60–65 (1957).
I. A. Sokolov, Volcanism and Soil Formation (Nauka, Moscow, 1973), 224 pp. [in Russian].
I. A. Sokolov, “On the Basic Classification of Soils,” Pochvovedenie, No. 8, 58–64 (1978).
I. A. Sokolov, “Recent Soil Formation in the Zone of Weak Ash Falls of Kamchatka,” Pochvovedenie, No. 10, 13–25 (1972).
I. A. Sokolov and V. O. Targulian, “Characterization of Soil Formation in Kamchatka,” in Proc. of the Conf. of Soil Scientists of Siberia and the Far East (Akad. Nauk SSSR, Novosibirsk, 1964), pp. 200–210 [in Russian].
L. N. Tyulina, Vegetation of the Western Coast of Kamchatka (Kamchatskii pechatnyi dvor, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, 2001) [in Russian].
O. A. Braitseva, V. V. Ponomareva, L. D. Sulerzhitsky, et al., “Holocene Key-Marker Tephra Layers in Kamchatka, Russia,” Quat. Res. 47, 125–139 (1997).
Fl. Caree and A. B. McBratney, “Digital Terron Mapping,” Geoderma 128, 340–353 (2005).
A. B. McBratney, Santos M. L. Mendonca, and B. Minasny, “On Digital Soil Mapping,” Geoderma 117, 3–52 (2003).
I. D. Moore, P. E. Gessler, G. A. Nielsen, and G. A. Peterson, “Soil Attribute Prediction Using Terrain Analysis,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57, 443–452 (1993).
I. O. A. Odeh, A. B. McBratney, and D. J. Chittleborough, “Spatial Prediction of Soil Properties from Landform Attributes Derived from a Digital Elevation Model,” Geoderma 63, 197–214 (1994).
Soil Survey Staff, Soil Taxonomy, Second edition (USDA-NRCS, Agriculture Handbook No. 436, 1999).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © M.S. Marechek, I.O. Alyabina, S.A. Shoba, 2009, published in Pochvovedenie, 2009, No. 11, pp. 1283–1293.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Marechek, M.S., Alyabina, I.O. & Shoba, S.A. The soil cover of Central Kamchatka (GIS model). Eurasian Soil Sc. 42, 1193–1203 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229309110015
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229309110015