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Synthesis of Carbon Nanoparticles in a Compression Reactor in Atmosphere of Buffer Gases

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Abstract

Physicochemical aspects of the gas-phase synthesis of nanopowders using a cyclic compression reactor are considered. Precursors (methane, ethylene, and acetylene) are compressed under conditions close to adiabatic ones in atmosphere of buffer monatomic gases (argon, helium, and neon). The effect of the pressure in the reactor and precursor/buffer gas volumetric ratio on the composition, morphology, and structure of carbon-containing particles (pyrolysis products) is studied. Complete pyrolysis is observed for all precursors but under different conditions. Thermal decomposition of methane, having the minimum enthalpy of formation, is observed in atmosphere with an argon content of 97.5% at a peak pressure of greater than 10 MPa. Helium shows limited possibilities for thermal relaxation under the conditions for fast reactions (<50 ms): only acetylene, having the maximum enthalpy of formation, is decomposed in the helium atmosphere. The solid reaction products represent black powders with a bulk density of 20–30 mg/cm3. The powders are studied using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, Raman scattering, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The particles represent either hollow or filled globular bulbous structures with a size of up to 100 nm. The X-ray diffraction analysis shows the presence of graphite-like crystallites with sizes of less than 10 nm in all samples. Raman analysis yields predominantly sp2 hybridization of carbon. The cyclic compression method provides wide opportunities for the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons aiming at the production of various carbon structures, which enables for the fine tuning in terms of the yield of carbon nanomaterials of the required morphology for practical use.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The experiments were performed using the equipment of core facility centers Applied Physics and VTAN of Novosibirsk State University.

Funding

The XRD study of the carbon nanomaterials was supported by the Ministry of Science and High Education of the Russian Federation (project no. 075-15-2020-797 (13.1902.21.0024)).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia

    B. Ezdin, S. Vasiljev, D. Yatsenko, V. Kalyada & A. Zarvin

  2. Tyumen State University, 625003, Tyumen, Russia

    Yu. Pakharukov & F. Shabiev

  3. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia

    D. Yatsenko

  4. Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia

    V. Fedorov & M. Ivanova

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  1. B. Ezdin
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  2. S. Vasiljev
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  4. V. Fedorov
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  5. M. Ivanova
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  9. A. Zarvin
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Correspondence to S. Vasiljev.

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Translated by A. Chikishev

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Ezdin, B., Vasiljev, S., Yatsenko, D. et al. Synthesis of Carbon Nanoparticles in a Compression Reactor in Atmosphere of Buffer Gases. Tech. Phys. 68, 18–26 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063784223010024

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