Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of dual doping with Fe and Co on the microstructural, morphological, and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). Zn0.97–xFe0.03CoxO (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03) NPs were prepared via a solid-state reaction method using high-purity ZnO, Fe, and Co NPs. This study was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), UV-visible spectrophotometry, photoluminescence (PL), and energy-dispersive X‑ray spectroscopy (EDS). XRD analysis revealed that all samples presented a pure hexagonal wurtzite str-ucture without any trace of Fe, Co, or their oxides, indicating that the dopant ions were well-substituted Zn ions. However, some peaks appear in the spectrum of the Zn0.94Fe0.03Co0.03O sample, corresponding to the secondary spinel phases ZnCo2O4 and CoFe2O4. FE-SEM micrographs showed that all samples exhibited sphere-like particles, and their sizes, aggregation degree, and morphology were slightly influenced by the dopant content. The estimated bandgap values decreased from 3.24 eV for undoped ZnO to 3.17 eV for Zn0.95Fe0.03Co0.02O NPs and then slightly increased. Moreover, the refractive index was evaluated from the bandgap energy using Moss, Ravindra Hervé-Vandamme, and Reddy models, and then compared. The PL spectra of all samples revealed strong and sharp emission peaks in the UV region, which increased in intensity as the Co content increased.
REFERENCES
D. P. Pearton, D. P. Norton, K. Ip, Y. W. Heo, and T. Steiner, Mater. Sci. 50 (3), 293 (2005).
A. B. Djurišić, A. M. C. Ng, and X. Y. Chen, Prog. Quantum. Electron. 34, 191 (2010).
K. Irshad, M. T. Khan, and A. Murtaza, Phys. B. Condens. Matter 543, 1 (2018).
M. L. Dinesha, H. S. Jayanna, S. Mohanty, and S. Ravi, J. Alloys Compd. 490, 618 (2010).
N. N. Lathiotakis, A. N. Andriotis, and M. Menon, Phys. Rev B 78 (9), 193311 (2008).
S. Prabakar, S. Muthukumaran, and V. Raja, Optik 202, 163714 (2020).
P. Pascariu, I. V. Tudose, M. Suchea, E. Koudoumas, N. Fifere, and A. Airinei, Appl. Surf. Sci. 448, 481 (2018).
R. N. Ali, H. Naz, J. Li, X. Zhu, P. Liu, and B. Xiang, J. Alloys Compd. 744, 90 (2018).
C. Prabakar, S. Muthukumaran, and V. Raja, Optik 202, 163714 (2020).
V. K. Sharma, M. Najim, A. K. Srivastava, and G. D. Varma, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 324, 683 (2012).
D. Sharma and R. Jha, Ceram. Int. 43, 8488 (2017).
S. D. Senol, E. Ozugurlu, and L. Arda, J. Alloys C-ompd. 822, 153514 (2020).
A. Lamichhane and N. M. Ravindra, Materials 13 (8), 1917 (2020).
L. Wang, D. Li, J. Zhang, C. Song, H. Xin, and X. Qin, Ionics (Kiel) 26, 4479 (2020).
S. Xu, Y. Ma, B. Geng, X. Sun, and M. Wang, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 11, 1 (2016).
A. D. İ. L. Guler, L. Arda, C. İ. H. A T. Dogan Boyraz, and E. Ozugurlu, Ceram. Int. 45, 1737 (2019).
R. Peňa-Garcia, Y. Guerra, R. Milani, D. M. Oli-veira, A. R. Rodrigues, and E. Padrón-Hernández, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 498, 166085 (2020).
R. Peňa-Garcia, Y. Guerra, B. V. M. Farias, F. E. P. San-tos, F. X. Nobre, J. P. Caland, H. S. Pessoni, A. Fran-co Jr., and E. Padrón-Hernández, Ceram. Int. 45 (1), 918 (2019).
S. S. Abdullahi, Y. Köseoğlu, S. Güner, B. Kazan, C. E. Kocaman, and E. Ndikilar, Superlattices Microstruct. 83, 342 (2015).
S. Kumar, K. Asokan, R. K. Singh, S. Chatterjee, D. Kanjilal, and A. K. Ghosh, RSC Adv. 4 (107), 62123 (2014).
S. Kumar, S. Chatterjee, K. K. Chattopadhyay, and A. K. Ghosh, J. Phys. Chem. C 116 (31), 16700 (2012).
S. K. Tripathy, Opt. Mater. 46, 240 (2015).
E. I. Naik, H. B. Naik, R. Viswanath, B. R. Kirthan, and M. C. Prabhakara, Chem. Data Collect. 29, 100505 (2020).
K. P. Shinde, R. C. Pawar, B. B. Sinha, H. S. Kim, S. S. Oh, and K. C. Chung, Ceram. Int. 40 (10), 16799 (2014).
L. Xu, G. Zheng, J. Wang, F. Xian, and Y. Liu, Optik, 127 (15), 5942 (2016).
D. Sharma and J. Ranjana, J. Alloys Compd. 698, 532 (2017).
N. H. Alvi, K. Ul Hasan, O. Nur, and M. Willander, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 6 (1), 1 (2011).
Funding
The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors of this work declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note.
Pleiades Publishing remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alotibi, B.J., Loucif, A. & Majid, A. Tailoring the Optical Characteristics of ZnO Nanoparticles by Fe/Co Dual-Doping. Phys. Solid State 65, 119–130 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063783423600413
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063783423600413