Structure-mediated transition in the behavior of elastic and inelastic properties of beach tree bio-carbon

Abstract

Microstructural characteristics and amplitude dependences of the Young modulus E and of internal friction (logarithmic decrement δ) of bio-carbon matrices prepared from beech tree wood at different carbonization temperatures T _carb ranging from 600 to 1600°C have been studied. The dependences E(T _carb) and δ(T _carb) thus obtained revealed two linear regions of increase of the Young modulus and of decrease of the decrement with increasing carbonization temperature, namely, ΔE ∼ AΔT _carb and Δδ ∼ BΔT _carb, with A ≈ 13.4 MPa/K and B ≈ −2.2 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ for T _carb < 1000°C and A ≈ 2.5 MPa/K and B ≈ −3.0 × 10⁻⁷ K⁻¹ for T _carb > 1000°C. The transition observed in the behavior of E(T _carb) and δ(T _carb) at T _carb = 900–1000°C can be assigned to a change of sample microstructure, more specifically, a change in the ratio of the fractions of the amorphous matrix and of the nanocrystalline phase. For T _carb < 1000°C, the elastic properties are governed primarily by the amorphous matrix, whereas for T _carb > 1000°C the nanocrystalline phase plays the dominant part. The structurally induced transition in the behavior of the elastic and microplastic characteristics at a temperature close to 1000°C correlates with the variation of the physical properties, such as electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and thermopower, reported in the literature.