Abstract
Using an electron beam, spontaneous polarization on the surface of +Z cuts of lithium niobate crystals of various compositions is switched. Domains 100–200 nm in size are formed in a thin surface layer, with the thickness dependent on the primary-electron energy. The sizes of segments, on which submicron domains are formed, exceed the sizes of the irradiation region. The distributions of domains on the surface in crystals of various compositions are different and depend on the method of moving the electron beam and irradiation conditions. The results are discussed in the context of notions on the charging of dielectric materials by the electron beam. It is assumed that the spontaneous polarization in the surface layer of +Z cuts of lithium niobates is switched by the field of a double layer of charges formed as a result of the charging process near the surface.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. C. G. Nutt, V. Gopalan, and M. C. Gupta, Appl. Phys. Lett. 60, 2828 (1992).
C. Restoin, S. Massy, C. Darraud-Taupiac, and A. Barthelemy, Opt. Mater. 22(3), 193 (2003).
J. He, S. H. Tang, Y. Q. Qin, P. Dong, H. Z. Zhang, C. H. Kang, W. X. Sun, and Z. X. Shen, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 9943 (2003).
J-W. Son, Y. Yuen, S. S. Orlov, and L. Hesselink, OSA Trends Opt. Photonics 99, 756 (2005).
L. S. Kokhanchik, M. N. Palatnikov, and O. B. Shcherbina, Phase Transform. 84(9–10), 797 (2011).
L. S. Kokhanchik, M. V. Borodin, S. M. Shandarov, N. I. Burimov, V. V. Shcherbina, and T. R. Volk, Phys. Solid State 52(6), 1722 (2010).
O. Norio and I. Takashi, J. Appl. Phys. 46, 1063 (1975).
V. A. Dyakov, I. V. Yaminsky, D. Yu. Gavrilko, N. F. Evlanova, I. I. Naumova, and V. Ya. Schur, Ferroelectrics 341, 131 (2006).
V. Ya. Shur, D. V. Kuznetsov, A. I. Lobov, D. V. Pelegov, E. V. Pelegova, V. V. Osipov, M. G. Ivanov, and A. N. Orlov, Phys. Solid State 50(4), 717 (2008).
C. E. Valdivia, C. L. Sones, J. G. Scott, S. Mailis, R. W. Eason, D. A. Scrymgeour, V. Gopalan, T. Jungk, E. Soergel, and I. Clark, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 022906 (2005).
Z. G. Song, C. K. Ong, and H. Gong, J. Appl. Phys. 79, 7123 (1996).
J. Cazaux, J. Appl. Phys. 85, 1137 (1999).
M. Touzin, D. Goeuriot, C. Guerret-Piecourt, D. Juve, D. Treheux, and H.-J. Fitting, J. Appl. Phys. 99, 114110 (2006).
E. I. Rau, E. N. Evstaf’eva, and M. V. Andrianov, Phys. Solid State 50(4), 621 (2008).
S. Fakhfakh, O. Jbara, S. Rondot, A. Hadjadj, J. M. Patat, and Z. Fakhfakh, J. Appl. Phys. 108, 093705 (2010).
I. M. Bronshtein and B. S. Fraiman, Secondary Electron Emission (Nauka, Moscow, 1969) [in Russian].
T. Volk and M. Wöhlecke, Lithium Niobate: Defects, Photorefraction and Ferroelectric Switching (Springer, Berlin, 2008).
A. E. Grun, Z. Naturforsch., A: Astrophys., Phys. Phys. Chem. 12, 89 (1957).
D. B. Wittry and D. F. Kyser, J. Appl. Phys. 38, 375 (1967).
Practical Scanning Electron Microscopy, Ed. by J. Goldstein and H. Yakowitz (Plenum, New York, 1975).
Y. Chen, W. Yan, J. Guo, S. Chen, G. Zhang, and Z. Xia, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 212904 (2005).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © E.V. Emelin, A.I. Il’in, L.S. Kokhanchik, 2013, published in Fizika Tverdogo Tela, 2013, Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 489–495.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Emelin, E.V., Il’in, A.I. & Kokhanchik, L.S. Recording of domains by an electron beam on the surface of +Z cuts of lithium niobate. Phys. Solid State 55, 540–546 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063783413030086
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063783413030086