Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Coherent spin dynamics of electrons and excitons in nanostructures (a review)

  • Reviews
  • Published:
Physics of the Solid State Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The studies of spin phenomena in semiconductor low-dimensional systems have grown into the rapidly developing area of the condensed matter physics: spintronics. The most urgent problems in this area, both fundamental and applied, are the creation of charge carrier spin polarization and its detection, as well as electron spin control by nonmagnetic methods. Here, we present a review of recent achievements in the studies of spin dynamics of electrons, holes, and their complexes in the pump-probe method. The microscopic mechanisms of spin orientation of charge carriers and their complexes by short circularly polarized optical pulses and the formation processes of the spin signals of Faraday and Kerr rotation of the probe pulse polarization plane as well as induced ellipticity are discussed. A special attention is paid to the comparison of theoretical concepts with experimental data obtained on the n-type quantum well and quantum dot array samples.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. G. Lampel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 20, 491 (1968).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. Optical Orientation, Ed. by B. P. Zakharchenya and F. Meier (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1984; Nauka, Leningrad, 1989).

    Google Scholar 

  3. D. D. Awschalom, J. M. Halbout, S. von Molnar, T. Siegrist, and F. Holtzberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 1128 (1985).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. N. I. Zheludev, M. A. Brummell, R. T. Harley, A. Malinowski, S. V. Popov, D. E. Ashenford, and B. Lunn, Solid State Commun. 89, 823 (1994).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. J. M. Kikkawa and D. D. Awschalom, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4313 (1998).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. J. M. Kikkawa, I. P. Smorchkova, N. Samarth, and D. D. Awschalom, Science (Washington) 277, 1284 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. A. Greilich, D. R. Yakovlev, A. Shabaev, A. L. Efros, I. A. Yugova, R. Oulton, V. Stavaracher, D. Reuter, A. Wieck, and M. Bayer, Science (Washington) 313, 341 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. M. A. Brand, A. Malinowski, O. Z. Karimov, P. A. Marsden, R. T. Harley, A. J. Shields, D. Sanvitto, D. A. Ritchie, and M. Y. Simmons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 236601 (2002).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. W. J. H. Leyland, G. H. John, R. T. Harley, M. M. Glazov, E. L. Ivchenko, D. A. Ritchie, I. Farrer, A. J. Shields, and M. Henini, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 75, 165309 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. M. Griesbeck, M. M. Glazov, T. Korn, E. Y. Sherman, D. Waller, C. Reichl, D. Schuh, W. Wegscheider, and C. Schüller, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 80, 241314 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. J. M. Kikkawa and D. D. Awschalom, Nature (London) 397, 139 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Y. K. Kato, R. C. Myers, A. C. Gossard, and D. D. Awschalom, Science (Washington) 306, 1910 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. S. A. Crooker and D. L. Smith, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 236601 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Semiconductor Spintronics and Quantum Computation, Ed. by D. Awschalom, D. Loss, and N. Samarth (Springer, Berlin, 2002).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Spin Physics in Semiconductors, Ed. by M. I. Dyakonov (Springer, Berlin, 2008).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Semiconductor Science and Technology; Special Issue: Optiacl Orientation, Ed. by Y. Kusraev and G. Landwehr (IOP, 2008).

  17. E. A. Zhukov, D. R. Yakovlev, M. M. Glazov, L. Fokina, G. Karczewski, T. Wojtowicz, J. Kossut, and M. Bayer, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 81, 235320 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. A. G. Aronov and E. L. Ivchenko, Sov. Phys. Solid State 15, 160 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  19. D. Yakovlev and M. Bayer, in Spin Physics in Semiconductors, Ed. by M. I. Dyakonov (Springer, Berlin, 2008), Chap. 6, p. 135.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. S. O’Leary and H. Wang, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 77, 165309 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. C. Phelps, T. Sweeney, R. T. Cox, and H. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 237402 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. A. Greilich, S. E. Economou, S. Spatzek, D. R. Yakovlev, D. Reuter, A. D. Wieck, T. L. Reinecke, and M. Bayer, Nat. Phys. 5, 262 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Z. Chen, S. G. Carter, R. Bratschitsch, and S. T. Cundiff, Physica E (Amsterdam) 42, 1803 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. M. H. Mikkelsen, J. Berezovsky, N. G. Stoltz, L. A. Coldren, and D. D. Awschalom, Nat. Phys. 3, 770 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. M. Atature, J. Dreiser, A. Badolato, and A. Imamoglu, Nat. Phys. 3, 101 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. R. I. Dzhioev, B. P. Zakharchenya, V. L. Korenev, and M. N. Stepanova, Phys. Solid State 39(11), 1765 (1997).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. L. V. Fokina, I. A. Yugova, D. R. Yakovlev, M. M. Glazov, I. A. Akimov, A. Greilich, D. Reuter, A. D. Wieck, and M. Bayer, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 81, 195304 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. A. Shabaev, A. L. Efros, D. Gammon, and I. A. Merkulov, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 68, 201305 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. J. Tribollet, F. Bernardot, M. Menant, G. Karczewski, C. Testelin, and M. Chamarro, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 68, 235316 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. M. I. D’yakonov and V. I. Perel’, in Optical Orientation, Ed. by B. P. Zakharchenya and F. Meier (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1984; Nauka, Leningrad, 1989), p. 17.

    Google Scholar 

  31. X. Marie, T. Amand, P. Le Jeune, M. Paillard, P. Renucci, L. E. Golub, V. D. Dymnikov, and E. L. Ivchenko, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 60, 5811 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. T. A. Kennedy, A. Shabaev, M. Scheibner, A. L. Efros, A. S. Bracker, and D. Gammon, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 73, 045307 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. M. V. G. Dutt, J. Cheng, B. Li, X. Xu, X. Li, P. R. Berman, D. G. Steel, A. S. Bracker, D. Gammon, S. E. Economou, R.-B. Liu, and L. J. Sham, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 227403 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. E. A. Zhukov, D. R. Yakovlev, M. Bayer, M. M. Glazov, E. L. Ivchenko, G. Karczewski, T. Wojtowicz, and J. Kossut, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 76, 205310 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. Z. Chen, R. Bratschitsch, S. G. Carter, S. T. Cundiff, D. R. Yakovlev, G. Karczewski, T. Wojtowicz, and J. Kossut, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 75, 115320 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. I. A. Yugova, A. A. Sokolova, D. R. Yakovlev, A. Greilich, D. Reuter, A. D. Wieck, and M. Bayer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 167402 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. G. V. Astakhov, M. M. Glazov, D. R. Yakovlev, E. A. Zhukov, W. Ossau, L. W. Molenkamp, and M. Bayer, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 23, 114001 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. T. Korn, Phys. Rep. 494, 415 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. T. Korn, M. Kugler, M. Griesbeck, R. Schulz, A. Wagner, M. Hirmer, C. Gerl, D. Schuh, W. Wegscheider, and C. Schueller, New J. Phys. 12, 043003 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. P. Machnikowski and T. Kuhn, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 81, 115306 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. B. Eble, P. Desfonds, F. Fras, F. Bernardot, C. Testelin, M. Chamarro, A. Miard, and A. Lemaĩtre, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 81, 045322 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. R. I. Dzhioev, B. P. Zakharchenya, V. L. Korenev, P. E. Pak, D. A. Vinokurov, O. V. Kovalenkov, and I. S. Tarasov, Phys. Solid State 40(9), 1587 (1998).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. S. Cortez, O. Krebs, S. Laurent, M. Senes, X. Marie, P. Voisin, R. Ferreira, G. Bastard, J.-M. Gerrard, and T. Amand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 207401 (2002).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. M. Ikezawa, B. Pal, Y. Masumoto, I. V. Ignatiev, S. Y. Verbin, and I. Y. Gerlovin, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 72, 153302 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. S. Laurent, M. Senes, O. Krebs, V. K. Kalevich, B. Urbaszek, X. Marie, T. Amand, and P. Voisin, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 73, 235302 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. I. V. Ignatiev, S. Yu. Verbin, I. Ya. Gerlovin, R. V. Cherbunin, and Y. Masumoto, Opt. Spectrosc. 106(3), 375 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. L. E. Golub, E. L. Ivchenko, and S. A. Tarasenko, Solid State Commun. 108, 799 (1998).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. F. F. Sizov and Yu. I. Ukhanov, Magnetooptical Faraday and Voigt Effects in Application to Semiconductors (Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1979) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  49. H. Kosaka, T. Inagaki, Y. Rikitake, H. Imamura, Y. Mitsumori, and K. Edamatsu, Nature (London) 457, 702 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. I. A. Yugova, M. M. Glazov, E. L. Ivchenko, and A. L. Efros, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 80, 104436 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. E. L. Ivchenko, V. P. Kochereshko, A. V. Platonov, D. R. Yakovlev, A. Waag, W. Ossau, and G. Landwehr, Phys. Solid State 39(11), 1852 (1997).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. H. Hoffmann, G. V. Astakhov, T. Kiessling, W. Ossau, G. Karczewski, T. Wojtowicz, J. Kossut, and L. W. Molenkamp, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 74, 073407 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. C. Gourdon, V. Jeudy, M. Menant, D. Roditchev, L. A. Tu, E. L. Ivchenko, and G. Karczewski, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 230 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. G. V. Astakhov, V. P. Kochereshko, D. R. Yakovlev, W. Ossau, J. Nurnberger, W. Faschinger, and G. Landwehr, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 62, 10345 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. G. V. Astakhov, V. P. Kochereshko, D. R. Yakovlev, W. Ossau, J. Nurnberger, W. Faschinger, G. Landwehr, T. Wojtowicz, G. Karczewski, and J. Kossut, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 65, 115310 (2002).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  56. T. Óstreich, K. Schónhammer, and L. J. Sham, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2554 (1995).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  57. P. Palinginis and H. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 037402 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. Y. Shen, A. M. Goebel, G. Khitrova, H. M. Gibbs, and H. Wang, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 72, 233307 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. P. Nemec, Y. Kerachian, H. M. van Driel, and A. L. Smirl, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 72, 245202 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. M. Combescot and O. Betbeder-Matibet, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 74, 125316 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. N. H. Kwong, S. Schumacher, and R. Binder, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 056405 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. N. S. Averkiev and M. M. Glazov, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 76, 045320 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  63. G.-H. Chen and M. E. Raikh, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 60, 4826 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. P. Barate, S. Cronenberger, M. Vladimirova, D. Scalbert, F. Perez, J. Gòmez, B. Jussera, H. Boukari, D. Ferrand, H. Mariette, J. Cibert, and M. Nawrocki, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 82, 075306 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. E. S. Artemova and I. A. Merkulov, Sov. Phys. Solid State 27(6), 941 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  66. J. M. Kikkawa and D. D. Awschalom, Science (Washington) 287, 473 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. P. Maletinsky, A. Badolato, and A. Imamoglu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 056804 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. M. Vladimirova, S. Cronenberger, P. Barate, D. Scalbert, F. J. Teran, and A. P. Dmitriev, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 78, 081305 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  69. J. J. Baumberg, S. A. Crooker, D. D. Awschalom, N. Samarth, H. Luo, and J. K. Furdyna, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 50, 7689 (1994).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  70. S. A. Crooker, D. D. Awschalom, J. J. Baumberg, F. Flack, and N. Samarth, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 56, 7574 (1997).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  71. S. A. Crooker, J. J. Baumberg, F. Flack, N. Samarth, and D. D. Awschalom, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 2814 (1996).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  72. B. Li, P. Coles, J. A. Reimer, P. Dawson, and C. A. Meriles, Solid State Commun. 150, 450 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  73. S. Spatzek, S. Varwig, M. M. Glazov, I. A. Yugova, D. R. Yakovlev, D. Reuter, A. D. Wieck, and M. Bayer Phys. Rev. B 84, 115309 (2011).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  74. V. Loo, L. Lanco, O. Krebs, P. Senellart, and P. Voisin, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 83, 033301 (2011).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  75. A. Greilich, R. Oulton, E. A. Zhukov, I. A. Yugova, D. R. Yakovlev, M. Bayer, A. Shabaev, A. L. Efros, I. A. Merkulov, V. Stavarache, D. Reuter, and A. Wieck, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 227401 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  76. S. G. Carter, A. Shabaev, S. E. Economou, T. A. Kennedy, A. S. Bracker, and T. L. Reinecke, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 167403 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  77. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Course of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 3: Quantum Mechanics: Non-Relativistic Theory (Nauka, Moscow, 1974; Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1981).

    Google Scholar 

  78. N. Rosen and C. Zener, Phys. Rev. 40, 502 (1932).

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  79. P. S. Pershan, J. P. van der Ziel, and L. D. Malmstrom, Phys. Rev. 143, 574 (1966).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  80. S. E. Economou, L. J. Sham, Y. Wu, and D. G. Steel, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 74, 205415 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  81. S. G. Carter, Z. Chen, and S. T. Cundiff, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 76, 201308 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  82. N. H. Bonadeo, J. Erland, D. Gammon, D. Park, D. S. Katzer, and D. G. Steel, Science (Washington) 282, 1473 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. J. Berezovsky, M. H. Mikkelsen, N. G. Stoltz, L. A. Coldren, and D. D. Awschalom, Science (Washington) 320, 349 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  84. D. Kim, S. G. Carter, A. Greilich, A. S. Bracker, and D. Gammon, Nat. Phys. 7, 223 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. T. Takagahara, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27, A46 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  86. A. J. Ramsay, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 25, 103001 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  87. V. V. Pavlov, R. V. Pisarev, V. N. Gridnev, and E. A. Zhukov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 047403 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  88. K. Vahaplar, A. M. Kalashnikova, A. V. Kimel, D. Hinzke, U. Nowak, R. Chantrell, A. Tsukamoto, A. Itoh, A. Kirilyuk, and T. Rasing, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 117201 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  89. M. M. Glazov, I. A. Yugova, S. Spatzek, A. Schwan, S. Varwig, D. R. Yakovlev, D. Reuter, A. D. Wieck, and M. Bayer, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 82, 155325 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  90. I. A. Yugova, A. Greilich, E. A. Zhukov, D. R. Yakovlev, M. Bayer, D. Reuter, and A. D. Wiec, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 75, 195325 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  91. B. Beschoten, in Proceedings of the Spring School “Magnetism Goes Nano,” Jülich, Germany, February 14–25, 2005, E7.1

  92. M. M. Glazov and E. L. Ivchenko, Semiconductors 42, 966 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. N. S. Averkiev, L. E. Golub, A. S. Gurevich, V. P. Evtikhiev, V. P. Kochereshko, A. V. Platonov, A. S. Shkolnik, and Y. P. Efimov, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 74, 033305 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  94. A. V. Larionov and L. E. Golub, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 78, 033302 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  95. A. V. Larionov, A. V. Sekretenko, and A. I. Il’in, JETP Lett. 93(5), 269 (2011).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  96. A. Greilich, S. Spatzek, I. A. Yugova, I. A. Akimov, D. R. Yakovlev, A. L. Efros, D. Reu, A. D. Wieck, and M. Bayer, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 79, 201305 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  97. A. V. Khaetskii and Y. V. Nazarov, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 64, 125316 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  98. I. A. Merkulov, A. L. Efros, and M. Rosen, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 65, 205309 (2002).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  99. A. V. Khaetskii, D. Loss, and L. Glazman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 186802 (2002).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  100. L. M. Woods, T. L. Reinecke, and Y. Lyanda-Geller, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 66, 161318 (2002).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  101. G. G. Kozlov, JETP 105(4), 803 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  102. A. Greilich, A. Shabaev, D. R. Yakovlev, A. L. Efros, I. A. Yugova, D. Reuter, A. D. Wi, and M. Bayer, Science (Washington) 317, 1896 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  103. M. I. D’yakonov and V. I. Perel’, Sov. Phys. JETP 38(1), 177 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  104. V. L. Korenev, Phys. Rev. B 83, 235429 (2011).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  105. M. M. Glazov, I. A. Yugova, and A. L. Efros, arXiv:cond-mat:1103.3249 (2011).

  106. L. M. Roth, B. Lax, and S. Zwerdling, Phys. Rev. 114, 90 (1959).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  107. E. L. Ivchenko and A. A. Kiselev, Sov. Phys. Semicond. 26(8), 827 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  108. E. L. Ivchenko, Optical Spectroscopy of Semiconductor Nanostructures (Alpha Science, Harrow, United Kingdom, 2005).

    Google Scholar 

  109. I. A. Yugova, A. Greilich, D. R. Yakovlev, A. A. Kiselev, M. Bayer, V. V. Petrov, Y. K. Dolgikh, D. Reuter, and A. D. Wieck, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 75, 245302 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia

    M. M. Glazov

Authors
  1. M. M. Glazov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Original Russian Text © M.M. Glazov, 2012, published in Fizika Tverdogo Tela, 2012, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 3–28.

The article was translated by the author.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Glazov, M.M. Coherent spin dynamics of electrons and excitons in nanostructures (a review). Phys. Solid State 54, 1–27 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063783412010143

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063783412010143

Keywords

Search

Navigation