Abstract
The available facts concerning the superconductivity and superfluidity of materials are shown to indicate that the systems carrying a steady-state current are in a thermodynamic equilibrium. A description of the current-carrying state is given in terms of equilibrium thermodynamics, in which the current (flow of particles) is considered a thermodynamic variable (like P, V, μ, etc.). This approach allows one to conclude that, if a system is in a persistent current-carrying state, then this system experiences off-diagonal long-range ordering, which is a fundamentally quantum phenomenon. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this approach has never been discussed. The basic realization of the approach is proposed.
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Original Russian Text © E.K. Kudinov, 2006, published in Fizika Tverdogo Tela, 2006, Vol. 48, No. 8, pp. 1366–1373.