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Surfatron accelerator in the local interstellar cloud

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Abstract

Taking into account results of numerous experiments, the variability of the energy spectra of cosmic rays (protons and helium nuclei) in the energy range of 10 GeV to ~107 GeV is explained on the basis of a hypothesis of the existence of two variable sources close to the Sun. The first (soft) surfatron source (with a size of ~100 AU) is located at the periphery of the heliosphere. The second (hard) surfatron source (with a size of ~1 pc) is situated in the Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC) at a distance of <1 pc. The constant background is described by a power-law spectrum with a slope of ~2.75. The variable heliospheric surfatron source is described by a power-law spectrum with a variable amplitude, slope, and cutoff energy, the maximum cutoff energy being in the range of E СН/Z < 1000 GeV. The variable surfatron source in the LIC is described by a power-law spectrum with a variable amplitude, slope, and cut-off energy, the maximum cut-off energy being E СL/Z ≤ 3 × 106 GeV. The proposed model is used to approximate data from several experiments performed at close times. The energy of each cosmic-ray component is calculated. The possibility of surfatron acceleration of Fe nuclei (Z = 26) in the LIC up to an energy of E CL ~ 1017 eV and electron and positrons to the “knee” in the energy spectrum is predicted. By numerically solving a system of nonlinear equations describing the interaction between an electromagnetic wave and a charged particle with an energy of up to E/Z ~ 3 × 106 GeV, the possibility of trapping, confinement, and acceleration of charged cosmic-ray particles by a quasi-longitudinal plasma wave is demonstrated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia

    V. M. Loznikov, N. S. Erokhin, N. N. Zol’nikova & L. A. Mikhailovskaya

  2. Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198, Russia

    N. S. Erokhin

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  1. V. M. Loznikov
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  2. N. S. Erokhin
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  3. N. N. Zol’nikova
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  4. L. A. Mikhailovskaya
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Correspondence to V. M. Loznikov.

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Original Russian Text © V.M. Loznikov, N.S. Erokhin, N.N. Zol’nikova, L.A. Mikhailovskaya, 2017, published in Fizika Plazmy, 2017, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 45–57.

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Loznikov, V.M., Erokhin, N.S., Zol’nikova, N.N. et al. Surfatron accelerator in the local interstellar cloud. Plasma Phys. Rep. 43, 51–61 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063780X17010081

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