Abstract
Within the “nuclear medium cooling” scenario of neutron stars all reliably known temperature—age data, including those of the central compact objects in the supernova remnants of Cassiopeia A and XMMU-J1732, can be comfortably explained by a set of cooling curves obtained by variation of the star mass within the range of typical observed masses. The recent measurements of the masses of the pulsars PSR J1616-2230, PSR J0348-0432 and J00737-3039B and the companion of J1756-2251 provide independent proof for the existence of neutron stars with masses in a broad range from 1.2 to 2M ⊙ The values M > 2M ⊙ call for sufficiently stiff equations of state for neutron star matter. We investigate the response of the set of neutron star cooling curves to a stiffening of the nuclear equation of state so that maximum masses of about 2.4M ⊙ would be accessible and to a deconfinement phase transition from such stiff nuclear matter in the outer core to color superconducting quark matter in the inner core. Without a readjustment of cooling inputs the mass range required to cover all cooling data for the stiff DD2 equation of state should include masses of 2.426M ⊙ for describing the fast cooling of CasA while the existence of a quark matter core accelerates the cooling so that CasA cooling data are described with a hybrid star of mass 1.674M ⊙.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H. Tananbaum, “Cassiopeia A,” IAU Circ. 7246, 1 (1999)
J. P. Hughes, C. E. Rakowski, D. N. Burrows, and P. O. Slane, “Nucleosynthesis and mixing in Cassiopeia A,” Astrophys. J. 528, L109 (2000).
W. B. Ashworth, Jr., “A probable Flamsteed observation of the Cassiopeia-A supernova,” J. Hist. Astron. 11, 1 (1980).
W. C. G. Ho and C. O. Heinke, “A neutron star with a carbon atmosphere in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant,” Nature 462, 71 (2009).
C. O. Heinke and W. C. G. Ho, “Direct observation of the cooling of the Cassiopeia A neutron star,” Astrophys. J. 719, L167 (2010).
K. G. Elshamouty, C. O. Heinke, G. R. Sivakoff, et al., “Measuring the cooling of the neutron star in Cassiopeia A with all Chandra X-ray observatory detectors,” Astrophys. J. 777, 22 (2013).
D. G. Yakovlev, W. C. G. Ho, P. S. Shternin, et al., “Cooling rates of neutron stars and the young neutron star in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 411, 1977 (2011).
D. Klochkov, V. Suleimanov, G. Pühlhofer, et al., “The neutron star in HESSJ1731-347: central compact objects as laboratories to study the equation of state of superdense matter,” Astron. Astrophys. 573, A53 (2015).
D. N. Voskresensky, “Neutrino cooling of neutron stars: Medium effects,” Lect. Notes Phys. 578, 467 (2001).
D. N. Voskresensky and A. V. Senatorov, “Emission of neutrinos by neutron stars,” Sov. Phys. JETP 63, 885 (1986).
P. Demorest, T. Pennucci, S. Ransom, et al., “Shapiro delay measurement of a two solar mass neutron star,” Nature 467, 1081 (2014).
J. Antoniadis, P. C. C. Freire, N. Wex, et al., “A massive pulsar in a compact relativistic binary,” Science 340, 6131 (2013).
M. Kramer, I. H. Stairs, R. N. Manchester, et al., “Tests of general relativity from timing the double pulsar,” Science 314, 97 (2006).
A. J. Faulkner, M. Kramer, A. G. Lyne, et al., “PSR J1756-2251: a new relativistic double neutron star system,” Astroph. J. 618, L119 (2004).
G. Schaab, D. Voskresensky, A. D. Sedrakian, et al., “Impact of medium effects on the cooling of nonsuperfluid and superfluid neutron stars,” Astron. Astrophys. 321, 591 (1997).
D. Blaschke, H. Grigorian, and D. N. Voskresensky, “Cooling of neutron stars: Hadronic model,” Astron. Astrophys. 424, 979 (2004).
D. Blaschke, H. Grigorian, D. N. Voskresensky, and F. Weber, “On the cooling of the neutron star in Cassiopeia A,” Phys. Rev., C 85, 022802 (2012).
D. Blaschke, H. Grigorian, and D. N. Voskresensky, “Nuclear medium cooling scenario in the light of new Cas A cooling data and the 2M ⊙ pulsar mass measurements,” Phys. Rev., C 88, 065805 (2013).
D. N. Voskresensky and A. V. Senatorov, “Description of nuclear interaction in Keldysh’s diagram technique and neutrino luminosity of neutron stars,” Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 45, 411 (1987).
E. E. Kolomeitsev and D. N. Voskresensky, “Neutrino emission due to Cooper-pair recombination in neutron stars revisited,” Phys. Rev., C 77, 065808 (2008).
T. Klähn, D. Blaschke, S. Typel, et al., “Constraints on the high-density nuclear equation of state from the phenomenology of compact stars and heavy-ion collisions,” Phys. Rev., C 74, 035802 (2006).
S. Bogdanov, “The nearest millisecond pulsar revisited with Newton: Improved mass-radius constraints for PSR J0437-4715,” Astrophys. J. 762, 96 (2013).
M. Alford, D. Blaschke, A. Drago, et al., “Quark matter in compact stars?,” Nature 445, E7 (2007).
T. Klähn, D. Blaschke, F. Sandin, et al., “Modern compact star observations and the quark matter equation of state,” Phys. Lett., B 654, 170 (2007).
T. Klähn, R. Lastowiecki, and D. Blaschke, “Implications of the measurement of pulsars with two solar masses for quark matter in compact stars and HIC. A NJL model case study,” Phys. Rev., D 88, 085001 (2013).
R. W. Romani, A. V. Filippenko, J. M. Silverman, et al., “PSR J1311-3430: A heavyweight neutron star with a flyweight helium companion,” Astrophys. J. Lett. 760, L36 (2012).
S. Typel, G. Röpke, T. Klähn, et al., “Composition and thermodynamics of nuclear matter with light clusters,” Phys. Rev., C 81, 015803 (2010).
H. Heiselberg and M. Hjorth-Jensen, “Phase transitions in neutron stars and maximum masses,” Astrophys. J. 525, L45 (1999).
S. Typel and H. H. Wolter, “Relativistic mean field calculations with density dependent meson nucleon coupling,” Nucl. Phys., A 656, 331 (1999).
P. Danielewicz and J. Lee, “Symmetry energy II: Isobaric analog states,” Nucl. Phys., A 922, 1 (2014).
K. Hebeler, J. M. Lattimer, C. J. Pethick, and A. Schwenk, “Constraints on neutron star radii based on chiral effective field theory interactions,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 161102 (2010).
P. Danielewicz, R. Lacey, and W. G. Lynch, “Determination of the equation of state of dense matter,” Science 298, 1592 (2002).
R. Lastowiecki, D. Blaschke, H. Grigorian, and S. Typel, “Strangeness in the cores of neutron stars,” Acta Phys. Polon. Supp. 5, 535 (2012).
L. Bonanno and A. Sedrakian, “Composition and stability of hybrid stars with hyperons and quark color-superconductivity,” Astron. Astrophys. 539, A16 (2012).
H. Grigorian, D. Blaschke, and D. Voskresensky, “Cooling of neutron stars with color superconducting quark cores,” Phys. Rev., C 71, 045801 (2005).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The article is published in the original.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Grigorian, H., Blaschke, D. & Voskresensky, D.N. Cooling of neutron stars and hybrid stars with a stiff hadronic EoS. Phys. Part. Nuclei 46, 849–853 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063779615050111
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063779615050111