Abstract
Particle lateral distributions were investigated in cosmic ray air showers with energy \(E_{0}\simeq 10^{18}\) eV registered at the Yakutsk array with surface and underground scintillation detectors with \(E_{\mu}\simeq 1\times\sec\theta\) GeV threshold during the period of continuous observations from 1986 to 2016. The analysis covers events with arrival direction zenith angles \(\theta\leq 60^{\circ}\) within five intervals with step \(\Delta\cos\theta=0.1\). Experimental values were compared to simulation results obtained with the use of CORSIKA code within the framework of QGSJet-01-d hadron interaction model. The whole dataset points at probable cosmic ray composition which is close to proton one.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
P. K. F. Grieder, Extensive Air Showers: High Energy Phenomena and Astrophysical Aspects (Springer, Berlin, 2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76941-5
A. V. Glushkov, V. M. Grigoriev, N. N. Efimov, M. I. Pravdin, O. S. Diminstein, and V. P. Sokurov, in Proceedings of the 16th International Cosmic Ray Conference ICRC, Kyoto, 1979, Ed. by S. Miyake and N. Gakujutsu Kaigi (Tokyo, 1979).
A. V. Glushkov, Cand. Sci. (Phys. Math.) Dissertation (Skobeltsyn Inst. Nucl. Phys., Mosc. State Univ., Moscow, 1982).
A. V. Glushkov, L. G. Dedenko, N. N. Efimov, N. N. Efremov, I. T. Makarov, P. D. Petrov, and M. I. Pravdin, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz. 55, 2166 (1986).
A. V. Glushkov, M. I. Pravdin, I. E. Sleptsov, V. R. Sleptsova, and N. N. Kalmykov, Phys. At. Nucl. 63, 1477 (2000).
A. V. Glushkov and A. V. Saburov, JETP Lett. 98, 589 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021364013230057
E. G. Berezhko, S. P. Knurenko, and L. T. Ksenofontov, Astropart. Phys. 36, 31 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2012.04.014
A. V. Saburov, Cand. Sci. (Phys. Math.) Dissertation (Inst. Nucl. Res. RAS, Moscow, 2018).
N. N. Kalmykov, S. S. Ostapchenko, and A. I. Pavlov, Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl. 52, 17 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5632(96)00846-8
S. Ostapchenko, Phys. Rev. D 83, 014018 (2011); arXiv: 1010.1869 [hep-ph]. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.83.014018
T. Pierog, Iu. Karpenko, J. M. Katzy, E. Yatsenko, and K. Werner, Phys. Rev. C 92, 034906 (2015); arXiv: 1306.0121 [hep-ph]. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.034906
E.-J. Ahn, R. Engel, T. K. Gaisser, P. Lipari, and T. Stanev, Phys. Rev. D 80, 094003 (2009); arXiv: 0906.4113 [hep-ph]. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.80.094003
D. Heck, J. Knapp, J. N. Capdevielle, G. Schatz, and T. Thouw, Report FZKA 6019 (Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, 1988).
A. Aab et al. (Pierre Auger Collab.), arXiv: 1408.1421 v6 [astro-hp.HE].
F. Gesualdi, A. D. Supanitsky, and A. Etchegoyen, arXiv: 2003.03385v1 [astro-ph.HE].
A. V. Glushkov and A. V. Saburov, JETP Lett. 100, 695 (2014).
A. V. Glushkov, M. I. Pravdin, and A. V. Saburov, Astron. Lett. 44, 588 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S106377371810002X
A. V. Glushkov and A. V. Saburov, JETP Lett. 109, 559 (2019).
H. P. Dembinsky, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, L. Cazon, et al. (for the WHISP group), in Proceedings of the UHECR2018, Paris, 2018, No. 64367; arXiv: 1902.08124 [astro-ph.HE].
J. G. Gonzales, M. G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, et al. (IceCube Collab.), in Proceedings of the 20th ISVHECRI, Nagoya, 2018, No. 2964861.
A. G. Bogdanov, D. M. Gromushkin, R. P. Kokoulin, G. Mannocchi, A. A. Petrukhin, O. Saavedra, G. Trinchero, D. V. Chernov, V. V. Shutenko, and I. I. Yashin, Phys. At. Nucl. 73, 1852 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063778810110074
A. G. Bogdanov, R. P. Kokoulin, G. Mannocchi, A. A. Petrukhin, O. Saavedra, V. V. Shutenko, G. Trinchero, and I. I. Yashin, Astropart. Phys. 98, 13 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2018.01.003
Yu. A. Fomin, N. N. Kalmykov, I. S. Karpikov, G. V. Kulikov, M. Yu. Kuznetsov, G. I. Rubtsov, V. P. Sulakov, and S. V. Troitsky, Astropart. Phys. 92, 1 (2017); arXiv: 1609.05764 [astro-ph.HE]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2017.04.001
A. Aab et al. (Pierre Auger Collab.), Phys. Rev. D 91, 032003 (2015); arXiv: 1408.1421 [astro-ph.HE]. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.91.032003
A. Aab et al. (Pierre Auger Collab.), Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 192001 (2016); arXiv: 1610.08509 [hep-ex]. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.192001
S. Müller et al. (Pierre Auger Collab.), in Proceedings of the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Conference UHECR2018, Paris, 2018, No. 65721.
H. Ulrich et al. (KASCADE Collab.), in Proceedings of the 27th International Cosmic Rays Conference ICRC, Hamburg, 2001, Ed. by K.-H. Kampert, G. Hainzelmann, and C. Spiering (Copernicus, Berlin, 2001).
V. V. Prosin et al. (Tunka Collab.), Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 756, 94 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.09.018
J. Bellido (for the Pierre Auger Collab.), in Proceedings of the 35th International Cosmic Rays Conference ICRC, Busan, 2017, PoS (ICRC2017), 506 (2017). https://doi.org/10.22323/1.301.0506
R. U. Abbasi et al. (Telescope Array Collab.), Astrophys. J. 858, 76 (2018); arXiv: 1801.09784 [astro-ph.HE]. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aabad7
R. U. Abbasi et al. (Telescope Array Collab.), Phys. Rev. D 99, 022002 (2019); arXiv:1808.03680 [astro-ph.HE]. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.022002
J. Linsley et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 17 (Suppl. A-III), 91 (1962).
A. V. Glushkov, O. S. Diminshtein, N. N. Efimov, et al., in Collection of Scientific Works (YaF SO AN SSSR, Yakutsk, 1976), p. 45 [in Russian].
A. V. Glushkov, M. I. Pravdin, and A. V. Saburov, Phys. At. Nucl. 81, 575 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S106377881804004X
K. Greisen, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Sci. 10, 63 (1960). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ns.10.120160.000431
G. Battistoni, S. Muraro, P. R. Sala, F. Cerutti, A. Ferrari, S. Roesler, A. Fasso, and J. Ranft, in Proceedings of the Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop 2006, Fermilab, September 6–8, 2006, Ed. by M. Albrow and R. Raja, AIP Conf. Proc. 896, 31 (2007).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Glushkov, A.V., Lebedev, K.G. & Saburov, A.V. Zenith-Angular Characteristics of Particles in EASs with \({E_{0}\simeq 10^{18}}\) eV According to the Yakutsk Array Data. Phys. Atom. Nuclei 86, 229–237 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063778823030110
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063778823030110