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Geophysical Aspect of Cosmic Ray Studies at the Tien Shan Mountain Station: Monitoring of Radiation Background, Investigation of Atmospheric Electricity Phenomena in Thunderclouds, and the Search for the Earthquake Precursor Effects

  • Elementary Particles and Fields/Experiment
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Abstract

The multipurpose detector complex of the Tien Shan mountain station of LPI provides the means to carry out studies in the various fields of experimental geophysics. The detectors of cosmic ray particles present at the station can be used for continuous monitoring of different types of background radiation: of the current flux of (1–100) GeV cosmic ray hadrons, of thermal neutrons in the surrounding environment, and of the gamma-rays with energy (30–3000) keV. Special system of the high altitude detectors permits to register the electrons accelerated up to several tens and hundreds of MeV by the atmospheric electric fields in thunderclouds, as well as the gamma radiation generated by these particles. A combination of diverse radiation receivers can be used for simultaneous detection of the time profiles of lightning emission in the different wave ranges of electromagnetic spectrum, starting from near ultraviolet and up to (1–30) MHz radio-waves, as well as of the electromagnetic pulses propagating over the global earth-ionosphere waveguide in the VLF, (1–10) kHz, and SLF, (1–10) Hz, frequency ranges. An underground complex of the neutron, gamma-ray, and acoustic detectors placed in a borehole at an up to \({\sim}\)300-m depth below the surface of the ground is used for detection of the various signals of geophysical origin, including those which could be triggered by interaction of penetrative cosmic ray particles with the matter of the earth’s crust. Perspectives of geophysical experiments at the Tien Shan station are discussed here together with application opportunity of their results to various problems of the space physics, of the physics of atmospheric discharge and lightning development, of environmental monitoring, and of the monitoring of seismic processes for the purpose of timely earthquake forecast.

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Funding

This research has been funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, grant nos. AP08855916, AP09260262, and AP09258896.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (LPI), 119991, Moscow, Russia

    A. Shepetov, S. Mamina, V. Ryabov, L. Vildanova & V. Zhukov

  2. Institute of Ionosphere, Kamenskoe plato, 050020, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    O. Kryakunova & N. Salikhov

  3. Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Institute of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    N. Saduyev

  4. Satbayev University, Institute of Physics and Technology, 050032, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    T. Sadykov

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  1. A. Shepetov
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  2. O. Kryakunova
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  3. S. Mamina
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  8. L. Vildanova
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  9. V. Zhukov
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Correspondence to A. Shepetov.

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Shepetov, A., Kryakunova, O., Mamina, S. et al. Geophysical Aspect of Cosmic Ray Studies at the Tien Shan Mountain Station: Monitoring of Radiation Background, Investigation of Atmospheric Electricity Phenomena in Thunderclouds, and the Search for the Earthquake Precursor Effects. Phys. Atom. Nuclei 84, 1128–1136 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063778821130330

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