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Cosmic Ray Mass Composition Problem: Toward Model-Independent Evaluation Based on the Analysis of the Spatial Structure of EAS Charged Components

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Abstract

The problem of cosmic ray mass composition is considered in the context of its current state and prospects for achieving progress in the nearest future due to improving data quality of ground-based Extensive Air Shower arrays of different scales. The theoretically motivated approach based on scaling description of electron and muon lateral distributions measured with surface detectors with nearly 100\(\%\) duty cycle is discussed as a tool for robust mass composition estimation within a single method in a broad primary energy range applicable for different experiments taking into account their upcoming upgrades.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are greatly indebted to Alexey Yushkov for valuable discussions.

Funding

The work was performed at the UNU ‘‘Astrophysical Complex of MSU-ISU’’ (agreement 13.UNU.21.0007). The work is supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants nos. 19-52-44002, 19-32-60003) the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 19-72-20067), the Russian Federation Ministry of Science and High Education (projects FZZE-2020-0017, FZZE-2020-0024).

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  1. Altai State University, 656049, Barnaul, Russia

    R. I. Raikin, A. A. Lagutin, T. L. Serebryakova, N. V. Volkov, S. V. Soldatkin & E. M. Palkowski

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Raikin, R.I., Lagutin, A.A., Serebryakova, T.L. et al. Cosmic Ray Mass Composition Problem: Toward Model-Independent Evaluation Based on the Analysis of the Spatial Structure of EAS Charged Components. Phys. Atom. Nuclei 84, 995–1006 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063778821130275

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