Abstract
The main goal of the paper is to give a short review on neutrino electromagnetic properties. In the introductory part of the paper a summary on what we really know about neutrinos is given: we discuss the basics of neutrino mass and mixing as well as the phenomenology of neutrino oscillations. This is important for the following discussion on neutrino electromagnetic properties that starts with a derivation of the neutrino electromagnetic vertex function in the most general form, that follows from the requirement of Lorentz invariance, for both the Dirac and Majorana cases. Then, the problem of the neutrino form factor definition and calculation within gauge models is considered. In particular, we discuss the neutrino electric charge form factor and charge radius, dipole magnetic and electric and anapole form factors. Available experimental constraints on neutrino electromagnetic properties are also discussed, and the recently obtained experimental limits on neutrino magnetic moments are reviewed. The most important neutrino electromagnetic processes involving a direct neutrino coupling with photons (such as neutrino radiative decay, neutrino Cherenkov radiation, spin light of neutrino and plasmon decay into neutrino-antineutrino pair in media) and neutrino resonant spin-flavor precession in a magnetic field are discussed at the end of the paper.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
W. Pauli, On the Earlier and More Recent History of the Neutrino, in Neutrino Physics, Ed. by K. Winter (Cambridge Univ., Cambridge, 1991).
S. L. Glashow, Nucl. Phys. 22, 579 (1961).
S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 1264 (1967).
A. Salam, in Proc. of the 8th Nobel Symp. on Elementary Particle Theory, Relativistic Groups and Analyticity, Stockholm, Sweden, 1968, Ed. by N. Svartholm (Almqvist and Wiksell, Stockholm, 1968), p. 367.
C. Giunti and C. W. Kim, Fundamentals of Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics (Oxford Univ., Oxford, 2007).
L. Landau, Nucl. Phys. 3, 127 (1957).
T. D. Lee and C. N. Yang, Phys. Rev. 105, 1671 (1957).
A. Salam, Nuovo Cimento 5, 299 (1957).
R. P. Feynman and M. Gell-Mann, Phys. Rev. 109, 193 (1958).
E. C. Sudarshan and R. E. Marshak, Phys. Rev. 109, 1860 (1958).
J. J. Sakurai, Nuovo Cimento 7, 649 (1958).
S. L. Glashow, J. Iliopoulos, and L. Maiani, Phys. Rev. D 2, 1285 (1970).
C. Jarlskog, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 1039 (1985).
C. Jarlskog, Z. Phys. C 29, 491 (1985).
O.W. Greenberg, Phys. Rev. D 32, 1841 (1985).
I. Dunietz, O. W. Greenberg, and D.-d. Wu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2935 (1985).
D.-d. Wu, Phys. Rev. D 33, 860 (1986).
P. I. Kratsev and S. T. Petcov, Phys. Lett. B 205, 84 (1988).
B. Pontecorvo, Sov. Phys. JETP 6, 429 (1957).
B. Pontecorvo, Sov. Phys. JETP 7, 172 (1958).
L. Wolfenstein, Phys. Rev. D 17, 2369 (1978).
S.P. Mikheev and A. Y. Smirnov, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 42, 913 (1985).
B. Pontecorvo, Sov. Phys. JETP 26, 984 (1968).
B. T. Cleveland et al., Astrophys. J. 496, 505 (1998).
J. N. Bahcall, Neutrino Astrophysics (Cambridge Univ., Cambridge, 1989).
Q. R. Ahmad et al. (SNO Collab.), Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 011301 (2002); nucl-ex/0204008.
K. Eguchi et al. (KamLAND Collab.), Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 021802 (2003); hep-ex/0212021.
S. Abe et al. (KamLAND Collab.), Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 221803 (2008); arXiv: 0801.4589 [hep-ex].
M. Altmann et al. (GNOCollab.), Phys. Lett. B 616, 174 (2005); hep-ex/0504037.
J. N. Abdurashitov et al. (SAGE Collab.), JETP 95, 181 (2002); astro-ph/0204245.
J. P. Cravens et al. (Super-Kamiokande Collab.), Phys. Rev. D 78, 032002 (2008); arXiv: 0803.4312 [hep-ex].
B. Aharmim et al. (SNO Collab.), Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 111301 (2008); arXiv: 0806.0989 [nucl-ex].
Borexino Collab., arXiv: 0808.2868 [astro-ph].
Y. Fukuda et al. (Kamiokande Collab.), Phys. Lett. B 335, 237 (1994).
R. Becker-Szendy et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1010 (1992).
Y. Fukuda et al. (Super-Kamiokande Collab.), Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1562 (1998); hep-ex/9807003.
H. Sekiya (Super-Kamiokande Collab.), arXiv: 0810.0595 [astro-ph].
M. H. Ahn et al. (K2K Collab.), Phys. Rev. D 74, 072003 (2006); hep-ex/0606032.
P. Adamson et al. (MINOS Collab.), Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 131802 (2008); arXiv: 0806.2237 [hep-ex].
M. Apollonio et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 27, 331 (2003); hep-ex/0301017.
F. Boehm et al., Phys. Rev. D 64, 112001 (2001); hep-ex/0107009.
S. M. Bilenky and C. Giunti, Phys. Lett. B 444, 379 (1998); G. Giunti, hep-ph/9802201.
T. Schwetz, M. Tortola, and J. W. F. Valle, arXiv: 0808.2016 [hep-ph].
Ch. Kraus et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 40, 447 (2005); hep-ex/0412056.
V. M. Lobashev et al., Phys. Lett. B 460, 227 (1999).
H. V. Klapdor-Kleingrothaus et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 12, 147 (2001).
G. L. Fogli et al., Phys. Rev. D 78, 033010 (2008); arXiv: 0805.2517 [hep-ph].
W. J. Marciano and A. I. Sanda, Phys. Lett. B 67, 303 (1977).
B. W. Lee and R. E. Shrock, Phys. Rev. D 16, 1444 (1977).
K. Fujikawa and R. E. Shrock, Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 963 (1980).
R. E. Shrock, Nucl. Phys. B 206, 359 (1982).
S. T. Petcov, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 25, 340, 698 (Erratum) (1977).
S.M. Bilenky and S. T. Petcov, Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 671 (1987).
J. Schechter and J. W. F. Valle, Phys. Rev. D 24, 1883 (1981); Phys. Rev. D 25, 283 (Erratum) (1982).
P. B. Pal and L. Wolfenstein, Phys. Rev. D 25, 766 (1982); R. N. Mohapatra and P. B. Pal, Massive Neutrinos in Physics and Astrophysics, World Scientific Lectures in Physics, Vol. 72 (2004).
B. Kayser, Phys. Rev. D 26, 1662 (1982); Phys. Rev. D 30, 1023 (1984).
J. F. Nieves, Phys. Rev. D 26, 3152 (1982).
N. F. Bell et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 151802 (2005); Phys. Lett. B 642, 377 (2006); N. Bell, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 22, 4891 (2007).
H. Novales-Sanchez et al., arXiv: 0805.4177 [hepph].
M. Nowakowski, E. A. Paschos, and J. M. Rodriguez, Eur. J. Phys. 26, 545 (2005).
I. Yu. Kobzarev and L. B. Okun, in Problems of Theoretical Physics (Nauka, Moscow, 1972), p. 219.
A. Rosado, Phys. Rev. D 61, 013001 (2000).
G. Degrassi, A. Sirlin, and W. J. Marciano, Phys. Rev. D 39, 287 (1989).
V. M. Dubovik and V. E. Kuznetsov, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 13, 5257 (1998).
W. A. Bardeen, R. Gastmans, and B. Lautrup, Nucl. Phys. B 46, 319 (1972).
M. Dvornikov and A. Studenikin, Phys. Rev. D 69, 073001 (2004); JETP 99, 254 (2004).
J. Bernstein, M. Ruderman, and G. Feinberg, Phys. Rev. 132, 1227 (1963).
R. Foot et al., Mod. Phys. Lett A 5, 2721 (1990); R. Foot, H. Lew, and R. R. Volkas, J. Phys. G 19, 361 (1993); J. Phys. G 19, 1067 (Erratum) (1993).
K. S. Babu and R. N. Mohapatra, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 938 (1989); Phys. Rev. D 41, 271 (1990).
L. G. Cabral-Rosetti et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 12, 633 (2000).
M. A. B. Bég, W. J. Marciano, and M. Ruderman, Phys. Rev. D 17, 1395 (1978); W. J. Marciano and A. Sirlin, Phys. Rev. D 22, 2695 (1980); S. Sakakibara, Phys. Rev. D 24, 1149 (1981).
J. L. Lucio Martínez, A. Rosado, and A. Zepeda, Phys. Rev. D 29, 1539 (1984); J. L. Lucio, A. Rosado, and A. Zepeda, Phys. Rev. D 31, 1091 (1985).
G. G. Raffelt, Stars as Laboratories for Fundamental Physics (Univ. Chicago, Chicago, 1996); Phys. Rep. 320, 319 (1999).
S. Davidson, B. Campbell, and D. Bailey, Phys. Rev. D 43, 2314 (1991).
P. A. M. Dirac, Proc. R. Soc. London A 133, 60 (1931).
B. Holdom, Phys. Lett. B 166, 196 (1986).
M. Marinelli and G. Morpurgo, Phys. Lett. B 137, 439 (1984).
J. Baumann et al., Phys. Rev. D 37, 3107 (1988).
K. S. Babu and R. R. Volkas, Phys. Rev. D 46, R2764 (1992).
K. L. Ng, Nuovo Cimento A 107, 431 (1994); Preprint No. NTU-1-1992, National Taiwan Univ. (Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China, 1992).
F. Halzen and A. D. Martin, Quarks and Leptons: An Introduction Course in Modern Particle Physics (Wiley, New York, 1984).
W. Greiner and J. Reinhardt, Quantum Electrodynamics, 3rd ed. (Springer, Berlin, 2003).
S. Y. Lee, Phys. Rev. D 6, 1701 (1972).
J. Bernabéu et al., Phys. Rev. D 62, 113012 (2000); J. Bernabéu, J. Papavassiliou, and J. Vidal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 101802 (2002); Nucl. Phys. B 680, 450 (2004).
K. Fujikawa and R. Shrock, Phys. Rev. D 69, 013007 (2004); hep-ph/0309329; hep-ph/0303188.
J. Papavassiliou et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 33, s865 (2004); J. Bernabéu, J. Papavassiliou, and J. Vidal, hep-ph/0303202; D. Binosi, J. Bernabeu, and J. Papavassiliou, Nucl. Phys. B 716, 352 (2005).
A. Grau and J. Grifols, Phys. Lett. B 166, 233 (1986).
P. Vogel and J. Engel, Phys. Rev. D 39, 3378 (1989).
K. Hagiwara et al., Z. Phys. C 64, 559 (1994); Z. Phys. C 68, 352 (Erratum) (1995).
J. A. Grifols and E. Masso, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 2, 205 (1987); Phys. Rev. D 40, 3819 (1989); R. C. Allen et al., Phys. Rev. D 43, R1 (1991); A. M. Mourao, J. Pulido, and J. P. Ralston, Phys. Lett. B 285, 364 (1992); Phys. Lett. B 288, 421 (Erratum) (1992).
J. Barranco, O.G. Miranda, and T. I. Rashba, Phys. Lett. B 662, 431 (2008).
M. Hirsch, E. Nardi, and D. Restrepo, Phys. Rev. D 67, 033005 (2003).
Ya. Zeldovich, Sov. Phys. JETP 6, 1184 (1957).
C. Itzykson and J.-B. Zuber, Quantum Field Theory (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1980).
E. N. Bukina, V. M. Dubovik, and V. E. Kuznetsov, Phys. At. Nucl. 61, 1035 (1998).
H. Czyz, K. Kolodziej, M. Zralek, and P. Khristova, Can. J. Phys. 66, 132 (1988).
J. E. Kim, Phys. Rev. D 14, 3000 (1976).
M. Czakon, J. Gluza, and M. Zralek, Phys. Rev. D 59, 013010 (1999).
H. T. Wong and H.-B. Li, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 20, 1103 (2005).
A. G. Beda et al., Phys. At. Nucl. 70, 1873 (2007); arXiv: 0705.4576 [hep-ex].
R. N. Mohapatra, S.-P. Ng, and H. Yu, Phys. Rev. D 70, 057301 (2004).
A. B. Balantekin, hep-ph/0601113.
F. Reines, H. S. Gurr, and H. W. Sobel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, 315 (1976).
G. S. Vidyakin et al., JETP Lett. 55, 206 (1992); A. I. Derbin et al., JETP Lett. 57, 768 (1993).
D. W. Liu et al. (Super-Kamiokande Collab.), Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 021802 (2004).
Z. Daraktchieva et al. (MUNU Collab.), Phys. Lett. B 615, 153 (2005).
H. T. Wong et al. (TEXONO Collab.), Phys. Rev. D 75, 012001 (2007).
A. G. Beda et al., in Particle Physics on the Eve of LHC, Ed. by A. Studenikin (World Sci., Singapore, 2009), p. 112; A. Beda et al., arXiv: 0906.1926[hepex].
C. Arpesella et al. (Borexino Collab.), Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 091302 (2008).
D. Montanino, M. Picariello, and J. Pulido, Phys. Rev. D 77, 093011 (2008).
W.-M. Yao et al. (Particle Data Group), J. Phys. G 33, 1 (2006).
J. Bernabéu, J. Papavassiliou, and M. Passera, Phys. Lett. B 613, 162 (2005).
J. Segura, J. Bernabéu, F. J. Botella, and J. Peñarrocha, Phys. Rev. D 49, 1633 (1994).
J. Beacom and P. Vogel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 5222 (1999).
W. Grimus et al., Nucl. Phys. B 648, 376 (2003); M. A. Tortola, hep-ph/0401135.
M. Gózdz, W. Kaminski, F. Simkovic and A. Faessler, Phys. Rev. D 74, 055007 (2006); M. Góźdź, W. Kaminski, and F. Simkovic, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 15, 441 (2006).
P. B. Pal, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 7, 5387 (1992).
M. Voloshin, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 48, 512 (1988).
S.M. Barr, E.M. Freire, and A. Zee, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2626 (1990).
M. Leurer and N. Marcus, Phys. Lett. B 237, 81 (1990); K. S. Babu and R. N. Mohapatra, Phys. Rev. D 42, 3778 (1990); H. Georgi and L. Randall, Phys. Lett. B 244, 196 (1990); G. Ecker,W.Grimus, and H. Neufeld, Phys. Lett. B 232, 217 (1989); D. Chang, W. Y. Keung, S. Lipovaa, and G. Senjanović, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 953 (1991); R. Barbieri and N. Mohapatra, Phys. Lett. B 218, 225 (1989).
A. Zee, Phys. Lett. B 93, 389 (1980).
T. Goldman and G. J. Stephenson, Jr., Phys. Rev. D 16, 2256 (1977).
G. T. Zatsepin and A. Yu. Smirnov, Yad. Fiz. 28, 1569 (1978) [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 28, 807 (1978)].
D. A. Dicus et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 39, 168 (1977); K. Sato and M. Kobayashi, Prog. Theor. Phys. 58, 1775 (1977); F. W. Stecker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 1460 (1980); R. Kimble, S. Bowyer, and P. Jakobsen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 80 (1981); A. L. Melott and D.W. Sciama, Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 1369 (1981); A. De Rújula and S. Glashow, Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 942 (1980).
S. T. Petcov, Phys. Lett. B 115, 401 (1982).
A. Ioannisian and G. G. Raffelt, Phys. Rev. D 55, 7038 (1997).
A. Lobanov and A. Studenikin, Phys. Lett. B 564, 27 (2003); hep-ph/0212393.
A. I. Studenikin, Phys. At. Nucl. 67, 993 (2004); Phys. At. Nucl. 70, 1275 (2007).
A. I. Studenikin, Ann. Fond. de Broglie 31, 289 (2006).
D. V. Galtsov and N. S. Nikitina, Zh. Éksp. Teor. Fiz. 62, 2008 (1972) [Sov. Phys. JETP 35, 1047 (1972)]; V. V. Skobelev, Zh. Éksp. Teor. Fiz. 71, 1263 (1976) [Sov. Phys. JETP 44, 660 (1976)].
A. V. Borisov, V. Ch. Zhukovskii, and A. I. Ternov, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Fiz., No. 3, 64 (1988) [Sov. Phys. J. 31, 228 (1988)]; A. Borisov, V. Zhukovsky, and A. Ternov, Sov. Phys. Dokl. 34, 884 (1989); V. V. Skobelev, Zh. Éksp. Teor. Fiz. 100, 75 (1991) [Sov. Phys. JETP 73, 40 (1991)].
M. Radomski, Phys. Rev. D 12, 2208 (1975); W. Grimus and H. Neufeld, Phys. Lett. B 315, 129 (1993).
M. Sakuda, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 804 (1994); M. Sakuda and Y. Kurihara, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 1284 (1995); W. Grimus and H. Neufeld, Phys. Lett. B 344, 252 (1995).
V. N. Oraevskii, V. B. Semikoz, and Yu. A. Smorodinsky, Sov. Phys. JETP Lett. 43, 709 (1986); J. C. D’Olivo, J. Nieves, and P. B. Pal, Phys. Lett. B 365, 178 (1996).
A. V. Borisov et al., Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 41, 743 (1985); S. Masood et al., Rev. Mex. Fis. 48, 501 (2002); A. Egorov,G. Likhachev, and A. Studenikin, in Elementary Particle Physics (ICAS, Moscow, 1999), p. 52 [in Russian].
J. F. Nieves, Phys. Rev. D 68, 113003 (2003).
S. Mohanty and M. K. Samal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 806 (1996).
C. Giunti, C. W. Kim, and W. P. Lam, Phys. Rev. D 43, 164 (1991); A. A. Gvozdev, N. V. Mikheev, and L. A. Vassilevskaya, Phys. Lett. B 289, 103 (1992); V. V. Skobelev, Zh. Éksp. Teor. Fiz. 108, 3 (1995) [Sov. Phys. JETP 81, 1 (1995)]; V. Ch. Zhukovsky, P. A. Eminov, and A. E. Grigoruk, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 11, 3119 (1996); M. Kachelriess and G. Wunner, Phys. Lett. B 390, 263 (1997); A. I. Ternov and P. A. Eminov, J. Phys. G 29, 357 (2003).
A. Lobanov and A. Studenikin, Phys. Lett. B 601, 171 (2004); M.Dvornikov, A.Grigoriev, and A. Studenikin, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 14, 309 (2005).
A. M. Egorov, A. E. Lobanov, and A. I. Studenikin, Phys. Lett. B 491, 137 (2000); A. E. Lobanov and A. I. Studenikin, Phys. Lett. B 515, 94 (2001).
M. Dvornikov and A. Studenikin, J. High Energy Phys. 0209, 016 (2002).
S. Bergmann, Y. Grossman, and E. Nardi, Phys. Rev D 60, 093008 (1999).
A. Bernardini, J. Phys. A 39, 7089 (2006); A.E.Bernardini and M.M. Guzzo, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 23, 1141 (2008).
A. Studenikin and A. Ternov, Phys. Lett. B 608, 107 (2005); hep-ph/0410297; hep-ph/0410296; A. Grigoriev, A. Studenikin, and A. Ternov, Phys. Lett. B 622, 199 (2005); Grav. Cosmol. 11, 132 (2005); hep-ph/0502231; Phys. At. Nucl. 69, 1940 (2006).
A. E. Lobanov, Phys. Dokl. 50, 286 (2005); hepph/0411342; Phys. Lett. B 619, 136 (2005); hepph/0506007.
A. Studenikin, J. Phys. A 39, 6769 (2006).
A. Studenikin, J. Phys. A 41, 164047 (2008).
A. V. Grigoriev, A. I. Studenikin, and A. Ternov, Phys. At. Nucl. 72, 718 (2009).
A. Grigoriev, A. Lobanov, A. Studenikin, and A. Ternov, in Proc. of 14th Intern. Seminar on High Energy Physics Quarks-2006, Repino, Russia, May 19–25, 2006, Ed. by S. V. Demidov, V. A. Matveev, V. A. Rubakov, and G. I. Rubtsov (2006), Vol. 1, p. 317; hep-ph/0606011; hep-ph/0610294.
A. V. Grigoriev, A. M. Savochkin, A. I. Studenikin, and A. I. Ternov, in Proc. of 12th Advanced Reserch Workshop on High Energy Spin Physics (DSPIN-07), Ed. by A. V. Efremov and S. V. Goloskokov (JINR, Dubna, 2008), p. 176; arXiv: 0804.2829 [hep-ph].
A. V. Kuznetsov and N. V. Mikheev, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 21, 1769 (2006); Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 22, 3211 (2007).
G. G. Raffelt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 2856 (1990).
A. Cisneros, Astrophys. Space Sci. 10, 87 (1971).
M. B. Voloshin and M. I. Vysotsky, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 44, 544 (1986).
L. B. Okun, M. B. Voloshin, and M. I. Vysotsky, Sov. Phys. JETP 64, 446 (1986).
E. Kh. Akhmedov, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 48, 382 (1988).
C.-S. Lim and W. J. Marciano, Phys. Rev. D 37, 1368 (1988).
J. Pulido, Phys. Rep. 211, 167 (1992).
X. Shi, D. N. Schramm, R. Rosner, and D. S. Dearborn, Comments Nucl. Part. Phys. 21, 151 (1993).
G. Likhachev and A. Studenikin, JETP 81, 419 (1995); in Proc. of the Physical Meeting of Vallee d’Aoste on Results and Perspectives in Particle Physics, La Thuile, Italy, 2005, Ed. by M. Greco, Frascati Phys. Ser. 2, 55 (1995); astro-ph/9506013.
J. Vidal and J. Wudka, Phys. Lett. B 249, 473 (1990); A. Smirnov, Phys. Lett. B 260, 161 (1991); E. Kh. Akhmedov, S. T. Petcov, and A. Yu. Smirnov, Phys. Rev. D 48, 2167 (1993).
E. Kh. Akhmedov and M. Yu. Khlopov, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 3, 451 (1988); Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 47, 689 (1988).
M. S. Dvornikov and A. I. Studenikin, Phys. At. Nucl. 64, 1624 (2001); Phys. At. Nucl. 67, 719 (2004).
E. Kh. Akhmedov, Phys. Lett. B 255, 84 (1991).
Y. Gando et al. (Super-Kamiokande Collab.), Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 171302 (2003).
K. Eguchi et al. (KamLAND Collab.), Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 071301 (2004).
O. G. Miranda et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 051304 (2004).
O. G. Miranda et al., Phys. Rev. D 70, 113002 (2004).
M.M. Guzzo, P. C. de Holanda, and O. L. G. Peres, Phys. Rev. D 72, 073004 (2005).
A. Friedland, hep-ph/0505165.
D. Yilmaz, arXiv: 0810.1037 [hep-ph].
J. Pulido, B. C. Chauhan, and R. S. Raghavan, in Proc. of the 12th Lomonosov Conf. on Elementary Particle Physics ‘Particle Physics in the Year of the 250th Anniversary of Moscow University’, Moscow, 2005, Ed. by A. Studenikin (World Sci., Singapore, 2006), p. 64; hep-ph/0511341.
S. Couvidat, S. Turck-Chièze, and A. G. Kosovichev, Astrophys. J. 599, 1434 (2003).
A. Dar, Preprint No. 87-0178, Inst. Advanced Study (Princeton, 1987).
S. Nussinov and Y. Rephaeli, Phys. Rev. D 36, 2278 (1987); I. Goldman et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1789 (1988); J. M. Lattimer and J. Cooperstein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 23 (1988).
A. Studenikin, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 188, 220 (2009).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The text was submitted by the authors in English.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Giunti, C., Studenikin, A. Neutrino electromagnetic properties. Phys. Atom. Nuclei 72, 2089–2125 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063778809120126
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063778809120126