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Momentum Alignment and the Optical Valley Hall Effect in Low-Dimensional Dirac Materials

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Abstract

We study the momentum alignment of photoexcited carriers and the optical control of valley population in gapless and gapped two-dimensional Dirac materials. The trigonal warping effect leads to the spatial separation of charge carriers belonging to different valleys upon linearly-polarized high-frequency photoexcitation. Valley separation in gapped materials can be detected by measuring the degree of circular polarization of band-edge photoluminescence at different sides of the sample or light spot (optical valley Hall effect). We demonstrate that the celebrated Rashba effect, caused by substrate-induced system asymmetry, leads to a strong anisotropy in the low-energy part of the spectrum. This results in optical valley separation by a linearly-polarized excitation at much lower frequencies compared to the high-energy trigonal warping regime. We also show that the momentum alignment phenomenon explains the giant enhancement of near-band-edge interband optical transitions in narrow-gap carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons independent of the mechanism of the gap formation. These enhanced transitions can be used in terahertz emitters based on low-dimensional Dirac materials.

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Funding

This work was supported by the EU FP7 ITN NOTEDEV (FP7-607521), EU H2020 RISE projects CoExAN (H2020-644076), TERASSE (H2020-823878) and DiSeTCom (H2020-823728). R.R.H. acknowledges financial support from URCO (14 F 1TAY20-1TAY21).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, EX4 4QL, Exeter, United Kingdom

    V. A. Saroka & M. E. Portnoi

  2. Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, 220030, Minsk, Belarus

    V. A. Saroka

  3. Physics Department, De La Salle University, 0922, Manila, Philippines

    R. R. Hartmann

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  1. V. A. Saroka
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  2. R. R. Hartmann
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Correspondence to M. E. Portnoi.

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This article was prepared for the special issue of Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics dedicated to the 95th birthday of Professor E.I. Rashba.

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Saroka, V.A., Hartmann, R.R. & Portnoi, M.E. Momentum Alignment and the Optical Valley Hall Effect in Low-Dimensional Dirac Materials. J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 135, 513–530 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063776122100107

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