Abstract
Here we present the results of a numerical study of the main reactions that determine the methyl formate abundance under conditions of a low-mass protostellar object with both normal and enhanced cosmic-ray ionization rates. The estimations of the contribution that dust chemistry has on the gas-phase methyl formate abundance are made. The impact of the transition from the prestellar to protostellar phases on the methyl-formate chemistry is studied as well.
REFERENCES
M. Agúndez, N. Marcelino, B. Tercero, C. Cabezas, P. de Vicente, and J. Cernicharo, Astron. Astrophys. 649, L4 (2021).
A. Bacmann, V. Taquet, A. Faure, C. Kahane, and C. Ceccarelli, Astron. Astrophys. 541, L12 (2012).
J. A. Ball, C. A. Gottlieb, A. E. Lilley, and H. E. Radford, Astrophys. J. 162, L203 (1970).
N. Balucani, C. Ceccarelli, and V. Taquet, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 449, L16 (2015).
A. T. Barnes, J. Liu, Q. Zhang, J. C. Tan, F. Bigiel, P. Caselli, G. Cosentino, F. Fontani, et al., Astron. Astrophys. 675, A53 (2023).
E. A. Bergin and M. Tafalla, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 45, 339 (2007).
M. Bonfand, A. Belloche, R. T. Garrod, K. M. Menten, E. Willis, G. Stephan, and H. S. P. Muller, Astron. Astrophys. 628, A27 (2019).
A. C. A. Boogert, P. A. Gerakines, and D. C. B. Whittet, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 53, 541 (2015).
R. D. Brown, J. G. Crofts, F. F. Gardner, P. D. Godfrey, B. J. Robinson, and J. B. Whiteoak, Astrophys. J. 197, L29 (1975).
S. Cazaux, A. G. G. M. Tielens, C. Ceccarelli, A. Castets, V. Wakelam, E. Caux, B. Parise, and D. Teyssier, Astrophys. J. 593, L51 (2003).
C. Ceccarelli, L. Loinard, A. Castets, A. G. G. M. Tielens, and E. Caux, Astron. Astrophys. 357, L9 (2000).
S. B. Charnley, A. G. G. M. Tielens, and T. J. Millar, Astrophys. J. 399, L71 (1992).
Y. Chen, M. L. van Gelder, P. Nazari, C. L. Brogan, E. F. van Dishoeck, H. Linnartz, J. K. Jorgensen, T. R. Hunter, et al., Astron. Astrophys. 678, A137 (2023).
E. Churchwell and G. Winnewisser, Astron. Astrophys. 45, 229 (1975).
A. Coletta, F. Fontani, V. M. Rivilla, C. Mininni, L. Colzi, A. Sanchez-Monge, and M. T. Beltran, Astron. Astrophys. 641, A54 (2020).
H. M. Cuppen, C. Walsh, T. Lamberts, D. Semenov, R. T. Garrod, E. M. Penteado, and S. Ioppolo, Space Sci. Rev. 212, 1 (2017).
E. F. van Dishoeck and G. A. Blake, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 36, 317 (1998).
R. T. Garrod and E. Herbst, Astron. Astrophys. 457, 927 (2006).
R. T. Garrod and S. L. Widicus Weaver, Chem. Rev. 113, 8939 (2013).
R. T. Garrod, V. Wakelam, and E. Herbst, Astron. Astrophys. 467, 1103 (2007).
W. D. Geppert, M. Hamberg, R. D. Thomas, F. Osterdahl, F. Hellberg, V. Zhaunerchyk, A. Ehlerding, T. J. Millar, et al., Faraday Discuss. 133, 177 (2006).
T. E. Graedel, W. D. Langer, and M. A. Frerking, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 48, 321 (1982).
T. I. Hasegawa, E. Herbst, and C. M. Leung, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 82, 167 (1992).
E. Herbst and E. F. van Dishoeck, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 47, 427 (2009).
N. Indriolo, D. A. Neufeld, M. Gerin, P. Schilke, A. O. Benz, B. Winkel, K. M. Menten, E. T. Chambers, et al., Astrophys. J. 800, 40 (2015).
O. V. Kochina, D. S. Wiebe, S. V. Kalenskii, and A. I. Vasyunin, Astron. Rep. 57, 818 (2013).
Y. Komatsu and K. Furuya, ACS Earth Space Chem. 7, 1753 (2023).
S. Kurtz, R. Cesaroni, E. Churchwell, et al., in Protostars and Planets IV, Ed. by V. Mannings, A. P. Boss, and S. S. Russell (2000), p. 299.
H. H. Lee, E. Herbst, G. Pineau des Forets, E. Roueff, and J. Le Bourlot, Astron. Astrophys. 311, 690 (1996).
M. K. McClure, W. R. M. Rocha, K. M. Pontoppidan, N. Crouzet, L. E. U. Chu, E. Dartois, T. Lamberts, J. A. Noble, et al., Nat. Astron. 7, 431 (2023).
B. A. McGuire, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 259, 30 (2022).
C. Mininni, M. T. Beltrán, V. M. Rivilla, A. Sanchez-Monge, F. Fontani, T. Müller, R. Cesaroni, P. Schilke, et al., Astron. Astrophys. 644, A84 (2020).
T. Nony, F. Louvet, F. Motte, J. Molet, K. Marsh, E. Chapillon, A. Gusdorf, N. Brouillet, et al., Astron. Astrophys. 618, L5 (2018).
Y. N. Pavlyuchenkov, D. S. Wiebe, V. V. Akimkin, M. S. Khramtsova, and Th. Henning, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 421, 2430 (2012).
E. Redaelli, S. Bovino, A. Giannetti, G. Sabatini, P. Caselli, F. Wyrowski, D. R. G. Schleicher, and D. Colombo, Astron. Astrophys. 650, A202 (2021).
M. A. Requena-Torres, N. Marcelino, I. Jiménez-Serra, J. Martin-Pintado, S. Martin, and R. Mauersberger, Astrophys. J. 655, L37 (2007).
N. Sakai and S. Yamamoto, Chem. Rev. 113, 8981 (2013).
M. G. Santa-Maria and J. R. Goicoechea, Eur. Phys. J. Web Conf. 265, 00017 (2022).
D. Semenov and D. Wiebe, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 196, 25 (2011).
D. Smith, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 34, 1817 (1992).
T. Soma, N. Sakai, Y. Watanabe, and S. Yamamoto, Astrophys. J. 854, 116 (2018).
M. Tafalla, P. C. Myers, P. Caselli, C. M. Walmsley, and C. Comito, Astrophys. J. 569, 815 (2002).
A. G. G. M. Tielens and W. Hagen, Astron. Astrophys. 114, 245 (1982).
A. I. Vasyunin and E. Herbst, Astrophys. J. 769, 34 (2013).
V. Wakelam, J. C. Loison, E. Herbst, B. Pavone, A. Bergeat, K. Beroff, M. Chabot, A. Faure, et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 217, 20 (2015).
Y. Wang, F. Du, D. Semenov, H. Wang, and J. Li, Astron. Astrophys. 648, A72 (2021).
N. Watanabe and A. Kouchi, Astrophys. J. 571, L173 (2002).
D. S. Wiebe, T. S. Molyarova, V. V. Akimkin, E. I. Vorobyov, and D. A. Semenov, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 485, 1843 (2019).
C. Xue, A. J. Remijan, A. M. Burkhardt, and E. Herbst, Astrophys. J. 871, 112 (2019).
Funding
The studies at the Lebedev Physical Institute were supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project no. 075-15-2021-597).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors of this work declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Translated by V. Astakhov
Publisher’s Note.
Pleiades Publishing remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kochina, O.V., Wiebe, D.S. Methyl Formate Synthesis Pathways at Various Star Formation Stages. Astron. Lett. 50, 70–80 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063773724600139
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063773724600139