Abstract
We study biasing as a physical phenomenon by analyzing power spectra (PS) and correlation functions (CF) of simulated galaxy samples and dark matter (DM) samples. We apply an algorithm based on the local densities of particles, \(\rho \), to form populations of simulated galaxies, using particles with \(\rho \geqslant {{\rho }_{0}}\). We calculate two-point CF of projected (2D) and spatial (3D) density fields of simulated galaxies for various particle-density limits \({{\rho }_{0}}\). We compare 3D and 2D CFs; in 2D case we use samples of various thickness to find the dependence of 2D CFs on thickness of samples. Dominant elements of the cosmic web are clusters and filaments, separated by voids filling most of the volume. In individual 2D sheets positions of clusters and filaments do not coincide. As a result, in projection clusters and filaments fill in 2D voids. This leads to the decrease of amplitudes of CFs in projection. For this reason amplitudes of 2D CFs are lower than amplitudes of 3D CFs, the difference is the larger, the thicker are 2D samples. Using PS and CFs of simulated galaxies and DM we estimate the bias factor for \(L{\text{*}}\) galaxies, \(b{\kern 1pt} {\text{*}} = 1.85 \pm 0.15\).
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I thank my coauthors in the study of the cosmic web Maret Einasto, Gert Hütsi, Juhan Liivamägi, Ivan Suhhonenko, Elmo Tempel for fruitful and enjoyable collaboration, and Enn Saar for discussion.
Funding
This work was supported by institutional research funding IUT40-2 of the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research, by the Estonian Research Council grant PRG803, and by Mobilitas Plus grant MOBTT5. We acknowledge the support by the Centre of Excellence “Dark side of the Universe” (TK133) financed by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund.
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Paper presented at the Fourth Zeldovich meeting, an international conference in honor of Ya.B. Zeldovich held in Minsk, Belarus, on September 7–11, 2020. Published by the recommendation of the special editors: S.Ya. Kilin, R. Ruffini, and G.V. Vereshchagin.
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Einasto, J. Biasing Phenomenon. Astron. Rep. 65, 926–931 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063772921100073
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063772921100073