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On the Influence of Angular Momentum and Dynamical Friction on Structure Formation. II. Turn-Around and Structure Mass

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In this paper, we use the solution of the collapse model presented in a previous paper by Del Popolo to obtain more precise estimates on the turn-around radius (TAR) (namely the radius at which the expansion is divided into the region of recollapse from the material continuing its motion following the Hubble flow), R0 (note that in this paper TAR or R0 represent the turn-around radius, as specified in the previous footnote), and structure mass, M, of the Local Group, M81, NGC 253, IC 342, Cen A/M83, and to the Virgo clusters. To this aim, similarly to Peirani and Pacheco, we found a relationship between the velocity, \({v}\), and radius, R, depending on the Hubble parameter, and structure mass, M, and fitted them to data of the Local Group, M81, NGC 253, IC 342, Cen A/M83, and to the Virgo clusters obtained by Peirani and Pacheco. In this way, we obtained optimized values of the mass, the Hubble constant, and R0, of the objects studied. Similarly to the quoted Del Popolo’s paper, the Lemaitre–Tolman model took into account the cosmological constant, angular momentum and dynamical friction. The fit gives values of the masses 30–40% larger than the \({v}\)–R relationship obtained from the standard Lemaitre–Tolman (LT) model (not taking account nor cosmological constant, angular momentum, or dynamical friction). Differently from mass, the Hubble parameter becomes smaller with respect to the LT model, when angular momentum, and dynamical friction are introduced. This is in agreement with Peirani and Pacheco, who improved the standard Lemaitre–Tolman model taking into account the cosmological constant. After determining, the optimized values of the TAR, R0, and mass, M, of the studied objects, we put constraints to the dark energy equation of state parameter, w.

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Notes

  1. In that paper α = 1.1 ± 0.3.

  2. I recall that in cosmology, the equation of state of a perfect fluid is characterized by a dimensionless number w equal to the ratio of its pressure, p, and its energy density, ρ, that is w = p/ρ.

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  1. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

    A. Del Popolo

  2. Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    A. Del Popolo

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Del Popolo, A. On the Influence of Angular Momentum and Dynamical Friction on Structure Formation. II. Turn-Around and Structure Mass. Astron. Rep. 65, 343–352 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063772921050024

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