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Induced gravitational collapse in the BATSE era: The case of GRB 970828

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Abstract

Following the recently established “Binary-driven HyperNova” (BdHN) model, we here interpret GRB 970828 in terms of the four episodes typical of such a model. The “Episode 1,” up to 40 s after the trigger time t 0, with a time varying thermal emission and a total energy of Eiso,1st = 2.60 × 1053 erg, is interpreted as due to the onset of an hyper-critical accretion process onto a companion neutron star, triggered by the companion star, an FeCO core undergoing a SN explosion. The “Episode 2,” observed up t 0 + 90 s, is interpreted as a canonical gamma ray burst, with an energy of \(E_{tot}^{e^ + e^ - } = 1.60 \times 10^{53}\) erg, a baryon load of B = 7× 10-3 and a bulk Lorentz factor at transparency of G = 142.5. From this Episode 2, we infer that the GRB exploded in an environment with a large average particle density 〈n〉 ≈103 particles/cm3 and dense clouds characterized by typical dimensions of (4-8) × 1014 cm and δn/n ~ 10. The “Episode 3” is identified from t 0 +90 s all the way up to 105-6 s: despite the paucity of the early X-ray data, typical in the BATSE, pre-Swift era, we find extremely significant data points in the late X-ray afterglow emission of GRB 970828, which corresponds to the ones observed in all BdHNe sources. The “Episode 4,” related to the Supernova emission, does not appear to be observable in this source, due to the presence of darkening from the large density of the GRB environment, also inferred from the analysis of the Episode 2.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dip. di Fisica and ICRA, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy

    R. Ruffini, L. Izzo, C. L. Bianco, J. A. Rueda, C. Barbarino, M. Enderli, M. Muccino, G. B. Pisani & Y. Wang

  2. ICRANet, Piazza della Repubblica 10, I-65122, Pescara, Italy

    R. Ruffini, L. Izzo, C. L. Bianco & J. A. Rueda

  3. Universite de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CEDEX 2, Grand Chateau Parc Valrose, Nice, France

    R. Ruffini, H. Dereli, M. Enderli & G. B. Pisani

  4. ICRANet-Rio, CBPF, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-18, Brazil

    R. Ruffini & A. V. Penacchioni

  5. Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304, Nice, France

    H. Dereli

  6. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Av. do Astronautas, 1758, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil

    A. V. Penacchioni

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  1. R. Ruffini
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Correspondence to R. Ruffini.

Additional information

The text was submitted by the authors in English.

Paper was presented at the international conference in honor of Ya.B. Zeldovich 100th Anniversary “Subatomic Particles, Nucleons, Atoms, Universe: Processes and Structure” held in Minsk, Belarus, in March 10–14, 2014. Published by the recommendation of the special Editors: S.Ya. Kilin, R. Ruffini, and G.V. Vereshchagin.

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Ruffini, R., Izzo, L., Bianco, C.L. et al. Induced gravitational collapse in the BATSE era: The case of GRB 970828. Astron. Rep. 59, 626–638 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063772915070094

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