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AGN III—primordial activity in the nuclei of disk galaxies with pseudobulges

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Abstract

Observational data on the evolution of quasars and galaxies of various morphological types and numerical simulations carried out by various groups are used to argue that low-redshift (z < 0.5) quasars of types I and II, identified with massive elliptical and spiral galaxies with classical bulges, cannot be undergoing a single, late phase of activity; i.e., their activity cannot be “primordial,” and must have “flared up” at multiple times in the past. This means that their appearance at low z is associated with recurrence of their activity—i.e., with major mergers of gas-rich galaxies (so-called wet major mergers)—since their lifetimes in the active phase do not exceed a few times 107 yrs. Only objects we have referred to earlier as AGN III, which are associated with the nuclei of isolated, late-type spiral galaxies with low-mass, rapidly-rotating “pseudobulges,” could represent primordial AGNs at low z. The black holes in such galaxies have masses M BH < 107 M ⊙, and the peculiarities of their nuclear spectra suggest that they may have very high specific rotational angular momenta per unit mass. Type I narrow-line (widths less than 2000 km/s) Seyfert galaxies (NLSyIs) with pseudobulges and black-hole masses M BH < 107 M ⊙ may be characteristic representatives of the AGN III population. Since NLSyI galaxies have pseudobulges while Type I broad-line Seyfert galaxies have classical bulges, these two types of galaxies cannot represent different evolutionary stages of a single type of object. It is possible that the precursors of NLSyIs are “Population A” quasars.

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  1. Astro Space Center, P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    B. V. Komberg & A. A. Ermash

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  1. B. V. Komberg
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Original Russian Text © B.V. Komberg, A.A. Ermash, 2013, published in Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, 2013, Vol. 90, No. 6, pp. 443–452.

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Komberg, B.V., Ermash, A.A. AGN III—primordial activity in the nuclei of disk galaxies with pseudobulges. Astron. Rep. 57, 401–409 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063772913060036

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