Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Supermassive black holes and galaxy kinematics

  • Published:
Astronomy Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The statistical relation between the masses of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in disk galaxies and the kinematic properties of their host galaxies is analyzed. Velocity estimates for several galaxies obtained earlier at the 6-m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the data for other galaxies taken from the literature are used. The SMBH masses correlate well with the rotational velocities at a distance of R ≈ 1 kpc, V 1, which characterize the mean density of the central region of the galaxy. The SMBH masses correlate appreciably weaker with the asymptotic velocity at large distances from the center and the angular velocity at the optical radius R 25. We have found for the first time a correlation between the SMBH mass and the total mass of the galaxy within the optical radius R 25, M 25, which includes both baryonic and “dark” mass. The masses of the nuclear star clusters in disk galaxies (based on the catalog of Seth et al.) are also related to the dynamical mass M 25; the correlations with the luminosity and rotational velocity of the disk are appreciably weaker. For a given value of M 25, the masses of the central cluster are, on average, an order of magnitude higher in S0-Sbc galaxies than in late-type galaxies, or than the SMBH masses. We suggest that the growth of the SMBH occurs in the forming “classical” bulge of the galaxy over a time < 109 yr, during a monolithic collapse of gas in the central region of the protogalaxy. The central star clusters form on a different time scale, and their stellar masses continue to grow for a long time after the growth of the central black hole has ceased, if this process is not hindered by activity of the nucleus.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M. Gierlinski, M. Middleton, M. Word, and Ch. Donie, Nature 455, 369 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. S. S. Doelman, J. Weintroub, A. E. E. Roders, et al., Nature 455, 78 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. A. E. Broderick, A. Loeb, and R. Narayan, Astrophs. J. 701, 1357 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. J. E. Greene, L. C. Ho, and A. J. Barth, Astrophys. J. 688, 159 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. J. Kormendy, ASP Conf. Ser. 230, 247 (2001).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. L. Ferrarese, Astrophys. J. 578, 90 (2002).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. L. Ferrarese and H. Ford, Space Sci. Rev. 116, 523 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. K. Gebhardt, T. R. Layer, J. Kormendy, et al., Astron. J. 122, 2469 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. T. Di Matteo, R. A. C. Croft, V. Springel, L. Hernquist, et al., Astrophys. J. 593, 56 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. A. S. Il’in, K. P. Zybin, and A. V. Gurevich, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 125, 5 (2004) [J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 98, 1 (2004); arXiv:astro-ph/0306490 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  11. C. M. Booth and J. Schaye, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 405, L1 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. M. Baes, P. Buyle, G. Hau, and H. Dejonghe, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 341, 44 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. 557 A. V. Zasov, L. N. Petrochenko, and A. M. Cherepashchuk, Astron Zh. 82, 407 (2005) [Astron. Rep. 49, 362 (2005)].

    Google Scholar 

  14. A. M. Cherepashchuk, V. L. Afanas’ev, A. V. Zasov, and I. Yu. Katko, Astron. Rep. 54, 578 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. A. W. Graham, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacif. 25, 167 (2008).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. A. Seth, M. Agüeros, D. Lee, and A. Basu-Zych, Astrophys. J. 678, 116 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. J. Kormendy and R. D. McClure, Astron. J. 105, 1793 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. A.W. Graham and L. R. Spitler, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 397, 2148 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. K. L. Jones, B. L. Koribalski, M. Elmouttiel, and R. F. Hayne, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 302, 649 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. J. W. Atkinson, J. L. Collett, A. Marconi, et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 359, 504 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. K. D. Denney, B. M. Peterson, R. W. Pogge, et al., Astrophys. J. 721, 715 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. N. Nowak, J. Thomas, P. Erwin, et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 403, 646 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. B. M. Peterson, L. Ferrarese, K. M. Gilbert, et al., Astrophys. J. 613, 682 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. G. de Francesco, A. Capetti, and A. Marconi. Astron. Astrophys. 460, 439 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. G. Pastorini, A. Marconi, A. Capetti, et al., Astron. Astrophys. 469, 405 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. B. M. Peterson, M. C. Bentz, L. B. Desroches, et al., Astrophys. J. 632, 799 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. L. Coccato, M. Sarzi, A. Pizzella, et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 366, 1050 (2006).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. K. Gültekin, D. O. Richstone, and K. Gebhardt, Astrophys. J. 698, 198 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. T. Boker, R. P. van der Marel, P. Roeland, and W. D. Wacca, Astron. J. 118, 831 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. D. Krajnović, R. M. McDermid, M. Cappellari, and R. L. Davies, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 399, 1839 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. M. Volontieri and M. J. Rees, Astrophys. J. 650, 669 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. G. Ghisellini, L. Foschini, M. Volonteri, et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 399, L24 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. L. Mayer, S. Kazantzidis, A. Eskala, and S. Callegari, Nature 466, 1082 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. D. J. Croton, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 369, 1808 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. J. M. Colberg and T. Di Matteo, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 387, 1163 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. S. Salviander, G. A. Shields, K. Gebhardt, and E.W. Bonning, Astrophys. J. 662, 131 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. J.-H. Woo, T. Treu, M. A. Malkan, and R. D. Blandford, Astrophys. J. 645, 900 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. R. P. van der Marel, J. Rossa, C. J. Walcher, et al., in Stellar Populations As Building Blocks of Galaxies, Ed. by A. Vazdekis and R. F. Peletier (Cambridge Univ., Cambridge, 2007), p. 475.

    Google Scholar 

  39. B. Torsten, in Star Clusters: Basic Galactic Building Blocks throughout Time and Space, Ed. by R. de Grijs and J. Lepine (Cambridge Univ., Cambridge, 2010), p. 58.

    Google Scholar 

  40. L. Ferrarese, P. Côté, E. Dalla Bontà, et al., Astrophys. J. 644, L21 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. J. Hu, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 386, 2242 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. Y. Li, Z. Haiman, and M.-M. M. Low, Astrophys. J. 663, 61 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. J. Kormendy and R. C. Kennicutt, Jr., Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 42, 603 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. D. B. Fisher and N. Drory, Astron. J. 136, 773 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. V. L. Afanas’ev, in Observational Evidence of Activity in Galaxies, Ed. by E. E. Khachikian, K. J. Fricke, and J. Melnick (Cambridge Univ., Cambridge, 1987), p. 141.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  46. 623 V. L. Afanas’ev, Usp Fiz. Nauk 150, 313 (1986) [Sov. Phys. Usp. 29, 980 (1986)].

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. K. F. McGill, J-H. Woo, T. Treu, and M. A. Malkan, Astrophys. J. 673, 703 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. A. Marconi and L. K. Hunt, Astrophys. J. 589, L21 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. A. V. Zasov, A. V. Khoperskov, and A. S. Saburova, Astron. Zh. 37, 410 (2011).

    Google Scholar 

  50. M. Cook, A. Lapi, and G. L. Granato, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 397, 534 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. B.-X. Xu, X.-B. Wu, and H. S. Zhao, Astrophys. J. 664, 198 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. R. H. Wechsler, J. S. Bullock, J. R. Primack, et al., Astrophys. J. 568, 52 (2002).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. M. Baes, O. Silchenko, A. V. Moiseev, and E. A. Manakova, Astron. Astrophys. 467, 991 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. A. Pipino, A. Dércole, C. Chiappini, and F. Matteucci, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 407, 1347 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. A. Escala, Astrophys. J. 648, L13 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  56. P. Erwin, arXiv:1002.1445 [astro-ph] (2010).

  57. A. A. Dutton, C. Conroy, F. C. van den Bosch, et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 407, 2 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. P. Erwin and D. Gadotti, in Hunting for the Dark: The Hidden Side of Galaxy Formation, Ed. by V. P. Debattista and C. C. Popescu, AIP Conf. Proc. 1240, p. 223 (2010).

  59. M. Agarwal and M. Miloslavljevich, Astrophs. J. 729, 35 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. K. Bekki, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 401, 2753 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. R. Capuzzo-Dolcetta and P. Miocci, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 388, L69 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. S. Nayakshin, M. I. Wilkinson, and A. King, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 398, L54 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  63. A. C. Seth, M. Cappellari, N. Neumayer, et al., Astrophys. J. 714, 713 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. N. Soker and Y. Meiron, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 411, 1803 (2011).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

    A. V. Zasov, A. M. Cherepashchuk & I. Yu. Katkov

Authors
  1. A. V. Zasov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. M. Cherepashchuk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. I. Yu. Katkov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Original Russian Text © A.V. Zasov, A.M. Cherepashchuk, I.Yu. Katkov, 2011, published in Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, 2011, Vol. 88, No. 7, pp. 648–661.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zasov, A.V., Cherepashchuk, A.M. & Katkov, I.Y. Supermassive black holes and galaxy kinematics. Astron. Rep. 55, 595–607 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063772911070109

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063772911070109

Keywords

Search

Navigation