Abstract
Chuprov’s interference invariant (II) well describes the properties of a sound field in shallow water. However, the question of how applicable Chuprov’s II concept is to deep water, where the patterns of sound field decay with distance are more complex has been insufficiently studied. Therefore, the authors studied the II properties in the near and far fields of acoustic illumination, as well as in the shadow zone. A new definition of the invariant was proposed and studied, and its characteristics were compared with Chuprov’s II as a function of distance, reception and emission depths, and summer or winter propagation conditions. The new invariant is called the phase-energy invariant (PEI), since orthogonal components of the phase gradient are used to describe the spatial sound energy distribution. The stability of the new invariant, its independence on different influencing factors, and its natural change with distance from zero to one are shown. It has been established that in winter conditions, at almost all distances, the PEI is equal to unity, and the II does not have stable values and varies jumpwise over a very wide range. In summer conditions, in the shadow zone, with increasing distance, the PEI increases, just like the II, from close to zero to one. In the near and far fields of acoustic illumination, the PEI is approximately equal to unity, and the II in these zones, both in summer and winter, is characterized by unlimited oscillations, caused by division by a value close to zero. It is shown that the definition of PEI is valid both in single-mode waveguides and in free unbounded space with a dispersive medium.
REFERENCES
S. D. Chuprov, The Ocean’s Acoustics: State-of-the-Art (Nauka, Moscow, 1982), p. 71 [in Russian].
E. F. Orlov and G. A. Sharonov, Sound Waves Interference in the Ocean (Dal’nauka, Vladivostok, 1998), p. 8 [in Russian].
G. A. Grachev, Acoust. Phys. 39 (1) (1993).
L. M. Brekhovskikh and Yu. P. Lysanov, Theoretical Base of the Ocean’s Acoustics (Nauka, Moscow, 2007) [in Russian].
G. N. Kuznetsov, V. M. Kuz’kin, and S. A. Pereselkov, Acoust. Phys. 63 (4), 449 (2017).
G. D’Spain and W. Kuperman, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106 (5), 2454 (1999).
L. Kevin, K. Cockrell, and H. Schmidt, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 127 (5), 2780 (2010).
Z. Zhao, J. Wu, and E. Shang, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 138 (1), 223 (2015).
H. Q. Niu, R. H. Zhang, and Z. L. Li, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 136 (1), 53 (2014).
H. Song and C. Cho, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 138 (2), 899 (2015).
A. Thode, W. Kuperman, G. D’Spain, and W. Hodgkiss, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107 (1), 278 (2000).
R. Emmetiere, J. Bonnel, M. Gehant, X. Cristol, and Th. Chonavel, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 143 (6), 3444 (2018).
S. P. Aksenov and G. N. Kuznetsov, Dokl. Phys. 67 (11), 442 (2022).
S. P. Aksenov and G. N. Kuznetsov, Phys. Wave Phenom. 29 (1), 81 (2021).
S. P. Aksenov and G. N. Kuznetsov, Acoust. Phys. 67 (5), 474 (2021).
S. P. Aksenov and G. N. Kuznetsov, Acoust. Phys. 67 (6), 597 (2021).
Waves Propagation and Underwater Acoustics (Mir, Moscow, 1980) [in Russian].
V. A. Akulichev, V. V. Bezotvetnykh, A. V. Burenin, E. A. Voitenko, and Yu. N. Morgunov, Acoust. Phys. 56 (1), 47 (2010).
Yu. N. Morgunov, A. A. Golov, A. V. Burenin, and P. S. Petrov, Acoust. Phys. 65 (5), 537 (2019).
L. M. Brekhovskikh and O. A. Godin, Theoretical Foundations of the Ocean’s Acoustics (Nauka, Moscow, 1989) [in Russian].
M. Ainslie, M. Packman, and C. Harrison, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103 (4), 1804 (1998).
K. Cockrell and H. Schmidt, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 130 (1), 72 (2011).
V. M. Kuz’kin and S. A. Pereselkov, Hydrodynamic Perturbations of the Shallow Sea: Interferometer Diagnostics (Lenand, Moscow, 2019) [in Russian].
B. G. Kantsel’son and V. G. Petnikov, Acoustics of the Shallow Sea (Nauka, Moscow, 1997) [in Russian].
V. M. Kuz’kin, A. A. Lun’kov, and S. A. Pereselkov, Acoust. Phys. 56 (5), 697 (2010).
V. M. Kuz’kin and S. A. Pereselkov, Acoust. Phys. 55 (2), 197 (2009).
Funding
The study was supported by the budget of the Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences. No additional grants were received to conduct or direct this specific study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors of this work declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note.
Pleiades Publishing remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Aksenov, S.P., Kuznetsov, G.N. Interference Invariants in Hydroacoustic Field Maxima in Deep Water. Acoust. Phys. 70, 105–115 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063771023600523
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063771023600523