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Use of Longitudinal Critically Refracted Waves to Determine Residual and Temperature Stresses in Rails

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Abstract

The possibility of using longitudinal critically refracted waves for acoustic strain gauging of longitudinal residual and temperature stresses in rails is studied. The influence of stress and temperature on the propagation velocity of elastic waves in rail steel is analyzed theoretically. An algorithm is presented for determining longitudinal stress in a rail by measuring the propagation time of longitudinal critically refracted waves. The operational principle is described, and the main parameters of an acoustic strain gauge device are presented, in which a differential scheme for measuring the propagation time of longitudinal critically refracted waves is implemented. Longitudinal critically refracted waves that propagate along a rail are emitted and received from the rolling surface of a rail head using contact piezoelectric transducers fixed on the polymethylmethacrylate wedges. The results of acoustomechanical and temperature tests are presented. The measurement errors are calculated. The results of determining the level of residual welding stresses in the head of a new rail are presented. The experimental results are compared with theoretical estimates of the stresses that arise in a rail under the influence of temperature, as well as with available data in the literature on residual stresses in rails.

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Funding

The study was carried out within the state assignment of the Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, for conducting fundamental scientific research for 2021–2023, topic no. 0030-2021-0025, registration number in EGISU R&D 121071600007-3. The experimental sample of an acoustic strain gauge was created under agreement no. 45-358/707-903/2021 between the Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Science, and JSC SPA POLET of June 23, 2021, registration no. at the Unified State Institute of Public Health Sciences 122081000081-7.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of RAS—Branch of Federal Research Center A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 603024, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

    K. V. Kurashkin & A. V. Gonchar

  2. Federal Research Center A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

    A. G. Kirillov

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  1. K. V. Kurashkin
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  2. A. G. Kirillov
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  3. A. V. Gonchar
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Correspondence to K. V. Kurashkin.

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Kurashkin, K.V., Kirillov, A.G. & Gonchar, A.V. Use of Longitudinal Critically Refracted Waves to Determine Residual and Temperature Stresses in Rails. Acoust. Phys. 70, 51–57 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063771023600365

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