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Directivity Pattern of Low-Frequency Atmospheric Sound Excited by Sources in Water

  • ATMOSPHERIC AND AEROACOUSTICS
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Abstract

The article considers the directivity of atmospheric infrasound radiation excited by monopole and dipole sources placed in an aquatic medium. It is shown that there are two types of equivalent secondary sources, which are located at the interface between media. One of the sources is local, and its characteristics are completely determined by the near field of the primary source. The second source is distributed and associated with the presence of vertical surface perturbations that propagate at the speed of sound in water along the interface. Due to strong attenuation of the amplitude as with increasing distance from the primary source, such a secondary source has a wide directivity pattern. The qualitative reasoning presented in the article and the results of numerical simulation make it possible to determine the directivity pattern of low-frequency sound radiation in air as a function of the type and depth of immersion of the primary source, which can be used for remote study of the atmospheric properties near the sea surface, as well as the properties of the surface itself.

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Notes

  1. The quotes are not accidental, since the description in the form of Fresnel zones is valid in the absence of the amplitude dependence of the field at the source aperture. When the source is located close to the interface between media, such an amplitude dependence will obviously manifest itself.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author is grateful to Yu.A. Kobelev for helpful comments and discussions on the topic of this article.

Funding

The study was carried out with partial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 18-05-520006) and with the partial support of the state task of IAP RAS (topic no. 0030-2021-0009).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

    A. V. Lebedev

Authors
  1. A. V. Lebedev
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Correspondence to A. V. Lebedev.

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Lebedev, A.V. Directivity Pattern of Low-Frequency Atmospheric Sound Excited by Sources in Water. Acoust. Phys. 67, 520–527 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063771021050031

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063771021050031

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