Abstract
There are a lot of dangers associated with closing mine shafts which may emerge during its liquidation works, and after liquidation of a shaft. The most important of them are: methane hazard, water hazard, and public safety hazard, which are commonly connected with occurrence of sinkholes. In the process of shaft liquidation it is extremely important to choose the right backfill materials, which determine stability of the backfill column and proper drainage of the backfill, which will match or exceed potential flow of water into a shaft. When the water flows into a liquidated shaft the main problem is a change in permeability coefficient of the used backfill materials due to grain degradation resulting from the fall into a shaft and the pressure within the backfill column. The article presents results of laboratory tests on the influence of vertical pressure on filtration coefficient and compressibility of the most commonly used backfill materials. During the tests, samples of the materials were loaded in a hydraulic press, simulating in this way the increase in vertical pressure within the backfill column. Compressibility of a given material and the change in filtration coefficient were assessed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Czaja, P., Technology of Closing Shafts with Their Underground and Surface Infrastructure, Wydawnictwa AGH, Kraków, 2011.
Stałęga, S., et al., Rules of Closing Shafts and Adjacent Workings in Collieries, Technical Guide GIG Katowice-1997, A series of Instruction no. 6.
Lecomte, A., et al., Case Studies and Analysis of Mine Shaft Incidents in Europe, Shaft Design and Construction, Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Design and Construction, London, 2012.
Bukowski, P., Water Hazard Assessment in Active Shafts in Upper Silesian Coal Basin Mines, Mine Water and the Environment. Journal of IMWA, 2011, vol. 30,issue 4, pp. 302–311.
Czaja, P. and Gąsiorczyk, A., Influence of the Method of Closing a Shaft on Hazard to the Surface in Its Surrounding, Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria, 2005, vol. 34, no. 3/1, pp. 166–175.
Korski, J., Mine Shaft Disasters and Crisis Management, Górnictwo i Geologia, 2009, vol. 4, no. 2a.
The Regulation of the Minister of Economy on Health and Safety at Work, Management and Specialist Fire Protection in Underground Mines, Journal of Laws No. 139, item 1169, 2002, with further amendments.
Geological and Mining Law, Journal of Laws No. 163, item 981, 2011.
Andrusikiewicz, W., Selection of Backfill Material for Closing Shafts, Conference Materials of School of Underground Mining, 2001, pp. 373–384.
Bromek, T. and Bukowski, P., Evaluation of Permeability of Backfill Materials Used in Closing Mine Shafts, Przegląd Górniczy, 2002, vol. 58, no. 11, pp. 18–23.
Cempiel, E., Determination of Water Flow Intensity and Permeability of Backfill Material in Closed Shafts, Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Śląskiej, Seria: Górnictwo, 2004, no. 260, pp. 57–67.
Cempiel, E. and Konior, J., Changes in Permeability of a Backfill Column during Filling a Watered Shaft, Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Śląskiej, Seria: Górnictwo, 2004, no. 261, pp. 111–115.
Chudek, M., et al., Materials in Geotechnical Engineering, Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej, Gliwice, 2001, vol. 3.
Czaja, P. and Kohutek, Z., Structural Aspects of Closing Shafts, VI Symposium-Selected Problems of Deep-Level Mining, Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Śląskiej, Gliwice, 1994.
Palarski, J., et al., Properties of Suspensions of Waste Materials and a Binder and Possibility of Using Them to Close Watered Shafts, Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria, 2005, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 139–144.
Plewa, F. and Kleta, H., Analysis of Feasible Concepts of Closing Shafts Concerning Surface Conditions and Natural Hazards to Public Safety Titled “Technical Project of Closing FORTUNA I Shaft and Technology of Works and Investment Cost Estimate,” Science and Mining Traditions 2005.
Plewa, F., et al., Use of UPS of Fluidized Bed Boilers to Backfill Shafts in Hard Coal Mining, Polityka Energetyczna, 2010, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 374–384.
Gierenz, S., Verfullung stillgelegten Schachten, Karli und Salz AG, Kali und Steinsalz, 1990, nos. 7–8.
Ciganek, J., et al., Problems of Closing Mine Shafts, Podziemne skarby. Zbornik referatow, Ostrawa, 1994.
Ciganek, J., et al., Technical Study of Closing Shafts, Prace Katedry Horniekeho a Ekologickeho Stawitelstwi. HSC, 893/1993.
Frolik, A. and Rogoż, M., Thickening Backfill Column during Closing a Shaft, Przegląd Górniczy, 2006, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 27–33.
Twardowski, K. and Dróżdżak, M., Conditions Concerning Laboratory Methods of Determining Water Permeability of Soil, Wiertnictwo Nafta Gaz (półrocznik AGH), 2007, vol. 24, no. 1.
Bukowski, P. and Niedbalska, K., The Analysis of Selected Properties of Solid Rock Materials Designed for Shaft Liquidation, Proc. 13th Int. Multidiscipl. Sci. Geoconference SGEM 2013. Science and Technologies in Geology, Exploration and Mining, Bulgaria, vol. 2, pp. 467–474.
Góralczyk, S., et al., Hard Coal Mining Waste Management, Institute of Mechanized Construction and Rock Mining, Warszawa, 2011.
Pazdro, Z., Hydrogeologia ogólna (General Hydrogeology), Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Geologiczne, 1977.
Pazdro, Z. and Kozerski, B., Hydrogeologia ogólna (General Hydrogeology), Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Geologiczne, Ed. 2, 1990.
Barecki, Z., Likwidacja szybu „Maciej” z przeksztaŁceniem w studnię gŁębinową (Conditions Concerning Laboratory Methods of Determining Water Permeability of Soil). Available at: http://www.szybmaciej.pl/download/szyb-maciej-w-zabrzu_Likwidacja-szybu-Maciej_dr-Zbigniew-Barecki.pdf.
Orzechowski, F., Likwidacja wycieków spoza obudowy szybu u-1 KWK Zofiówka metodą iniekcyjną (Repairing Leaks into u-1 Shaft of Zofiówka Colliery with the Injection, ethod), XXIX SzkoŁa Mechaniki Górotworu, 2006.
Bukowska, M., Mechanical Properties of Carboniferous Rocks in Upper Silesian Coal Basin under Uniaxial and Triaxial Tests, Journal of Mining Science, 2005, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 129–133.
Bukowska, M., Post-Peak Failure Modulus in Problems of Mining Geo-Mechanics, Journal of Mining Science (in press).
Bukowska, M., Sanetra, U., and Wadas, M., The post-peak failure properties and deformational structures of rocks under conventional triaxial compression conditions, 2nd National Conference of Rock Mechanics. Archives of Mining Sciences, Poland, 2007, vol. 52,issue 3, pp. 297–310.
Bukowska, M. and Sanetra, U., The Tests of Conventional Triaxial Granite and Dolomite Compression in the Aspect of Their Mechanical Properties, Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi-Mineral Resources Management, Poland, 2008, vol. 24,issue 2, Part 3, pp. 345–358.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The article is published in the original.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Prusek, S., Całus Moszko, J. & Bukowski, P. Laboratory tests of filtration coefficient of selected materials used in liquidating shafts in collieries. J Min Sci 50, 265–276 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062739114020094
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062739114020094