Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Influence of Different Lighting and Feeding Regimes on the Activity of Metabolic Enzymes in Farmed Atlantic Salmon Fingerlings

  • ORIGINAL RESEARCH
  • Published:
Russian Journal of Developmental Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The influence of constant and natural lighting modes in combination with different feeding rations on the activity of energy and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes in the muscles and liver of salmon fingerlings artificially grown in aquaculture in the conditions of the southern region of Russia was investigated. The revealed intergroup differences in the activity of the studied enzymes in fingerlings indicate differences in the level of energy metabolism and the use of carbohydrates in the processes of ATP synthesis and other biosynthesis pathways in muscles and liver depending on lighting conditions, including in combination with the feeding regime. The high level of aerobic metabolism in the muscles and the increased use of carbohydrates in glycolysis in the liver of fish in salmon fingerlings raised under constant light corresponded to their highest average weight gain. In individuals from all experimental groups, changes in the activity of the studied enzymes were found depending on the time after the start of the experiment, indicating an increase in the levels of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in muscles and glycolysis in the liver necessary for the implementation of biosynthesis processes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.

REFERENCES

  1. Ahmad, R. and Hasnain, A.U., Ontogenetic changes and developmental adjustments in lactate dehydrogenase isozymes of an obligate air-breathing fish Channa punctatus during deprivation of air access, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Part B: Biochem. Mol. Biol., 2005, vol. 140, no. 2, pp. 271–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Biswas, A.K., Seoka, M., Inoue, Y., Takii, K., and Kumai, H., Photoperiod influences the growth, food intake, feed efficiency and digestibility of red sea bream (Pagrus major), Aquaculture, 2005, vol. 250, nos. 3–4, pp. 666–673.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Björnsson, B.T. et al., Photoperiod and temperature affect plasma growth hormone levels, growth, condition factor and hypoosmoregulatory ability of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during parr–smolt transformation, Aquaculture, 1989, vol. 82, nos. 1–4, pp. 77–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Björnsson, B.T., Hemre, G.I., Bjørnevik, M., and Hansen, T., Photoperiod regulation of plasma growth hormone levels during induced smoltification of underyearling Atlantic salmon, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 2000, vol. 119, no. 1, pp. 17–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Boeuf, G. and Le Bail, P.Y., Does light have an influence on fish growth?, Aquaculture, 1999, vol. 177, nos. 1–4, pp. 129–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bradford, M.M., A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein–dye binding, Anal. Biochem., 1976, vol. 72, pp. 248–254.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bücher, T. and Pfleiderer, G., Pyruvate kinase from muscle, Methods Enzymol., 1955, vol. 1, pp. 345–440.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Churova, M.V., Meshcheryakova, O.V., and Nemova, N.N., Relationship of linear weight characteristics with the activity of some enzymes and molecular genetic indices in whitefish muscles of different age groups from Kamennoe Lake (Republic of Karelia), in Sovremennye problemy fiziologii i biokhimii vodnykh organizmov (Modern Problems of Physiology and Biochemistry of Aquatic Organisms), Petrozavodsk: Karel. Nauchn. Tsentr Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2010, pp. 304–311.

  9. Churova, M.V., Meshcheryakova, O.V., Veselov, A.E., and Nemova, N.N., Activity of enzymes involved in the energy and carbohydrate metabolism and the level of some molecular-genetic characteristics in young salmons (Salmo salar L.) with different age and weight, Russ. J. Dev. Biol., 2015, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 254–262.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Churova, M.V., Meshcheryakova, O.V., Veselov, A.E., Efremov, D.A., and Nemova, N.N., Activity of metabolic enzymes and muscle-specific gene expression in parr and smolts Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. of different age groups, Fish Physiol. Biochem., 2017, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 1117–1130.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Churova, M.V., Shulgina, N., Kuritsyn, A., Krupnova, M.Y., and Nemova, N.N., Muscle-specific gene expression and metabolic enzyme activities in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. fry reared under different photoperiod regimes, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Part B: Biochem. Mol. Biol., 2020, vol. 239, p. 110330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Couture, P., Dutil, J.D., and Guderley, H., Biochemical correlates of growth and condition in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from Newfoundland, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 1988, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 1591–1598.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Gauthier, C., Campbell, P., and Couture, P., Physiological correlates of growth and condition in the yellow perch (Perca flavescens), Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Part A: Mol. Integr. Physiol., 2008, vol. 151, pp. 526–532.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Guderley, H., Locomotor performance and muscle metabolic capacities: impact of temperature and energetic status, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Part B: Biochem. Mol. Biol., 2004, vol. 139, no. 3, рр. 371–382.

  15. Harmon, J.S. and Sheridan, M.A., Glucose-stimulated lipolysis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver, J. Fish Physiol. Biochem., 1992, vol. 10, pp. 189–199.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Imsland, A.K., Le Francois, N.R., Lammare, S.G., Ditlecadet, D., Sigurosson, S., and Foss, A., Myosin expression levels and enzyme activity in juvenile spotted wolfish (Anarhichas minor) muscle: a method for monitoring growth rates, Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci., 2006, vol. 63, pp. 1959–1967.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Ivanter, E.V. and Korosov, A.V., Elementarnaya biometriya (Elementary Biometry), Petrozavodsk, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Kochetov, G.A., Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo po enzimologii (A Practical Guide to Enzymology), Moscow: Vysshaya Shkola, 1980.

  19. Koedijk, R.M., Le François, N.R., Blier, P.U., Foss, A., Folkvord, A., Ditlecadet, D., Lamarre, S.G., Stefansson, S.O., and Imsland, A.K., Ontogenetic effects of diet during early development on growth performance, myosin mRNA expression and metabolic enzyme activity in Atlantic cod juveniles reared at different salinities, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Part A: Mol. Integr. Physiol., 2010, vol. 156, no. 1, pp. 102–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Llewellyn, L., Sweeney, G.E., Ramsurn, V.P., Rogers, S.A., and Wigham, T., Cloning and unusual expression profile of the aldolase B gene from Atlantic salmon, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Gene Struct. Expr., 1998, vol. 1443, no. 3, pp. 375–380.

  21. Mathers, E.M., Houlihan, D.F., and Cunningham, M.J., Nucleic acid concentrations and enzyme activities as correlates of growth rate of the saithe Pollachius virens: growth-rate estimates of open-sea fish, Mar. Biol., 1992, vol. 112, pp. 363–369.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Metón, I., Mediavilla, D., Caseras, A., Cantó, E., Fernández, F., and Baanante, I.V., Effect of diet composition and ration size on key enzyme activities of glycolysis-gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway and amino acid metabolism in liver of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), Br. J. Nutrit., 1999, vol. 82, no. 3, pp. 223–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Migaud, H., Davie, A., and Taylor, J.F., Current knowledge on the photoneuroendocrine regulation of reproduction in temperate fish species, J. Fish. Biol., 2010, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 27–68.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Murzina, S.A., Provotorov, D.S., Voronin, V.P., Kuznetsova, M.V., Kuritsyn, A.E., and Nemova, N.N., Parameters of lipid metabolism in underyearlings of the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar reared under different regimes of the photoperiod and feeding modes in aquaculture in the southern region of Russia, Biol. Bull. (Moscow), 2023, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 121–134.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Ozernyuk, N.D., Energeticheskii obmen v rannem ontogeneze ryb (Energy Metabolism in Early Ontogenesis of Fish), Moscow: Nauka, 1985.

  26. Smith, L., Spectrophotometric assay of cytochrome c oxidase, Methods Biochem. Anal., 1995, vol. 2, pp. 427–434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Somero, G.N. and Childress, J.J., A violation of the metabolism-size scaling paradigm: activities of glycolytic enzymes in muscle increase in larger size fish, Physiol. Zool., 1980, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 322–337.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Sonmez, A.Y., Hisar, O., Hisar, S.A., Alak, G., Aras, M.S., and Yanik, T., The effects of different photoperiod regimes on growth, feed conversion rate and survival of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry, J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 2009, vol. 8, pp. 760–763.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Taylor, J.F., North, B.P., Porter, M.J.R., Bromage, N.R., and Migaud, H., Photoperiod can be used to enhance growth and improve feeding efficiency in farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Aquaculture, 2006, vol. 256, nos. 1–4, pp. 216–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Tian, W.N., Braunstein, L.D., Pang, J., Stuhlmeier, K.M., Xi, Q.C., Tian, X., and Stanton, R.C., Importance of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity for cell growth, J. Biol. Chem., 1998, vol. 273, pp. 10609–10617.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Treberg, J.R., Lewis, J.M., and Driedzic, W.R., Comparison of liver enzymes in osmerid fishes: key differences between a glycerol accumulating species, rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), and a species that does not accumulate glycerol, capelin (Mallotus villosus), Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Part A: Mol. Integr. Physiol., 2002, vol. 132, pp. 433–438.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Wootton, R.J., Growth: environmental effects, in Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology: From Genome to Environment, Farrell, A.P., Ed., San Diego: Academic, 2011, vol. 3, pp. 1629–1632.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to the chief fish breeder of the factory, M. Gorbunov, for supervising the experiment, carrying out the necessary fisheries management measures, collecting biomaterial, competent consultations, and recommendations during the implementation of the study. We carried the study out on the scientific equipment of the Center for Collective Use of Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Funding

The work was carried out with the financial support of the project of the Russian Scientific Foundation, no. 19-14-00081-P, The Influence of Physical Factors on the Effectiveness of Artificial (Factory) Reproduction of Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar: Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 185910, Petrozavodsk, Russia

    M. V. Kuznetsova, M. A. Rodin, N. S. Shulgina, M. Yu. Krupnova, A. E. Kuritsyn, S. A. Murzina & N. N. Nemova

Authors
  1. M. V. Kuznetsova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. A. Rodin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. N. S. Shulgina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. Yu. Krupnova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A. E. Kuritsyn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. S. A. Murzina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. N. N. Nemova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

M.V. Kuznetsova contributed to discussion of research results, writing, and preparation of publication; M.A. Rodin contributed to collection of biological material during the expedition, sample preparation and laboratory analysis of samples, analysis and statistical processing of the data, preparation of publication; M.Yu. Krupnova contributed to sample preparation and laboratory analysis of samples; N.S. Shulgina contributed to discussion of research results and preparation of publication; A.E. Kuritsyn contributed to setting up and conducting an experiment, discussion of research results, and preparation of publication; S.A. Murzina contributed to discussion of research results and preparation of publication; N.N. Nemova was project manager and contributed to discussion of research results and preparation of publication.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. V. Kuznetsova.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Statement on the welfare of animals. All applicable international, national, and institutional principles for the use of animals in experiments and conditions for their care have been observed.

Additional information

Translated by E. Tolkunova

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kuznetsova, M.V., Rodin, M.A., Shulgina, N.S. et al. The Influence of Different Lighting and Feeding Regimes on the Activity of Metabolic Enzymes in Farmed Atlantic Salmon Fingerlings. Russ J Dev Biol 54, 147–155 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062360423020030

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062360423020030

Keywords:

Search

Navigation