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Embryo of Flowering Plants at the Critical Stage of Embryogenesis Relative Autonomy (by Example of Cereals)

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Abstract—

Autonomy is a special structural and functional state of an embryo, reflecting its ability for self-regulation and independence from the adjacent tissues. Full autonomy is the ability to accomplish normal embryogenesis outside the maternal organism. In this regard, relative autonomy is of special interest. This is one of the critical stages of embryogenesis, when an immature embryo becomes independent of some physiological factors, in particular, hormones (mainly auxins, cytokinins, and ABA) of a maternal organism. The review surveys the literary and authors’ original data on this phenomenon by examples of cereals as compared with other families of flowering plants. Identification of the relative embryonic autonomy as a critical stage in embryo culture in vitro, along with morphological, histological, and physiological statuses of the relatively autonomous embryos, is considered. Prospects of solving basic problems of autonomy of plants embryogenesis and and its biotechnological application autonomy are discussed.

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Funding

The work was carried out through an association agreement between Ufa Federal Research Center and Komarov Botanical Institute for 2018–2023 by the project no. AAAA-A18-118022190099-6 (Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Ufa Federal Research Center, State Task of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation no. 075-00326-19-00) and no. AAAA-A18-118051590112-8 (Laboratory of Embryology and Reproductive Biology, Komarov Botanical Institute) and was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant no. 17-04-01477.

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  1. Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia

    N. N. Kruglova, O. A. Seldimirova, A. E. Zinatullina & D. S. Veselov

  2. Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia

    G. E. Titova

  3. St. Petersburg State University, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia

    G. E. Titova

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  1. N. N. Kruglova
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Kruglova, N.N., Titova, G.E., Seldimirova, O.A. et al. Embryo of Flowering Plants at the Critical Stage of Embryogenesis Relative Autonomy (by Example of Cereals). Russ J Dev Biol 51, 1–15 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062360420010026

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