Abstract
Parthenogenesis is usually recognized as the most accepted mechanism of cloning, i.e., reproduction without genetic recombination. Transfer from bisexual to parthenogenetic propagation causes the appearance of all-female populations, races, and species. It was ascertained in natural populations of numerous of reptile and insect species. Clonal and hemiclonal species of fishes and amphibians propagate by means of gynogenesis and hybridogenesis. Less known are instances of androgenesis found in some insects and mollusks. In this case offspring develops only under control of male genes supplied by spermatozoa. Mother’s genes included into the egg nucleus have to be entirely lost. Androgenesis may be called mirroring of parthenogenesis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Angus, R.A. and Schultz, R.J., Clonal Diversity in the Unisexual Fish Poeciliopsis monacha-lucida (a Tissue Graft Analysis), Evolution, 1979, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 27–40.
Astaurov, B.L., New Data on Artificial Fertilization in Silkworm, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1936a, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 277–280.
Astaurov, B.L., Artificial Parthenogenesis and Androgenesis in Silkworm, Byul. VASKhNIL, 1936b, no. 12, pp. 47–52.
Astaurov, B.L., Experiments on Androgenesis and parthenogenesis in the Silkworm, Biol. Zh., 1937, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–50.
Astaurov, B.L., Tsitogenetika razvitiya tutovogo shelkopryada i ee eksperimental’nyi kontrol’ (Cytogenetics of Silkworm Development and Its Experimental Control), Moscow: Nauka, 1968.
Berger, L., Embryonic and Larval Development of F1 Generation of Green Frogs Different Combinations, Acta Zool. Cracoviensia, Kracow., 1967, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 123–160.
Borkin, L.Ya. and Darevskii, I.S., Network (Hybridogenic) Speciation in Vertebrates, Zh. Obshch. Biol., 1980, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 485–506.
Borkin, L.Ya., Vinogradov, A.E., Rozanov, Yu.M., et al., Semiclonal Inheritance in Hybryd complex Rana esculenta (Flow DNA Cytometry Evidence), Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1987, vol. 295, no. 5, pp. 1261–1264.
Brykov, V.A., Apalikova, O.V., Eliseikina, M.G., et al., Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Diploid and Triploid Forms of Silver Crucian Carp Carassius auratus gibelio, Genetika, 2005, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 811–816.
Cherfas, N.B., Gynogenesis in Fish, Kirpichnikov V.S., Genetika i selektsiya ryb (Fish Genetics and Selection), Leningrad: Nauka, 1987, pp. 309–335.
Cuellar, O., The origin of Parthenogenesis in Vertebrates (the Cytogenetic Factors), Am. Natur., 1974, vol. 108, pp. 625–648.
Dobzhansky, Th., Genetics and the Origin of Species, New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1937.
Golovinskaya, K.A. and Romashov, D.D. (with the participation of Musselius, V.A.), A Study on Gynogenesis in Goldfish, Tr. VNII prud. ryb. khoz-va, 1947, vol. 4, pp. 73–113.
Golovinskaya, K.A., Romashov, D.D., and Cherfas, N.B., Unisexual and Bisexual Forms in Goldfish (Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch), Vopr. Ikhtiol., 1965, vol. 5, pp. 614–629.
Grant, V., Organismic evolution. San Francisco: Freeman, 1977. Translated under the title Evolyutsiya organizmov, Moscow: Mir, 1980.
Grebelnyi, S.D., How Many Clonal Species Are There in the World? Part 1. The Difference between Clonal Forms and Bisexual Species, Zh. zoologii bespozvonochnykh, 2005, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 79–102.
Grebelnyi, S.D., How Many Clonal Species Are There in the World? Part 2. Cloning in Nature and Its Role in Formation of Biodiversity, Zh. zoologii bespozvonochnykh, 2006, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 77–109.
Hasimoto, H., Formation of an Individual by the Union of Two Sperm Nuclei in the Silkworm, Bull. Sericult. Exp. Stat. Jpn., 1934, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 455–464.
Hubbs, C.L. and Hubbs, L.C., Apparent Parthenogenesis in Nature in a Form of Fish of Hybrid Origin, Science, 1932, vol. 76, pp. 628–630.
Hubbs, C.L. and Hubbs, L.C., Breeding Experiments with the Invariably Female Strictly Matroclinous Fish, Mollienesia formosa, Genetics, 1946, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 218.
Ikematsu, W. and Yamane, S., Ecological Studies of Corbicula leana Prime. III, Bull. Jpn. Soc. Fish., 1977, vol. 43, pp. 1139–1146.
Komaru, A. and Konishi, K., Non-Reductional Spermatozoa in Three Shell Color Types of the Freshwater Clam Corbicula fluminea, Zool. Sci. (Jpn.) 1999, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 105–108.
Komaru, A., Konishi, K., Nakayama, I., et al., Hermaphroditic Freshwater Clams in the Genus Corbicula Produce Non-Reductional Spermatozoa with Somatic DNA Content, Biol. Bull., 1997, vol. 193, pp. 320–323.
Komaru, A., Kawagishi, T., and Konishi, K., Cytological Evidence of Spontaneous Androgenesis in the Freshwater Clam Corbicula leana Prime, Devel. Genes Evol., 1998, vol. 208, pp. 46–50.
Kraemer, L.R. and Galloway, M.L., Larval Development of Corbicula fluminea (Muller) (An Appraisal of Its Heterochrony), Am. Malac. Bull., 1986, vol. 4, pp. 61–79.
Lada, G.A., Borkin, L.J., and Vinogradov, A.E., Distribution, Population Systems and Reproductive Behavior of Green Frogs (Hybridogenetic Rana esculenta Complex) in the Central Chernozem Territory of Russia, Russ. J. Herpetol., 1995, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 46–57.
Lebedeva, E.B., Structure and Distribution of Clonal-Bisexual Complexes of Cobitis Fishes (Cobitidae), Avtoref. diss. kand. biol. Nauk, Moscow: Izd-vo MGU, 2007.
Macgregor, H.C. and Uzzell, T.M., Gynogenesis in Salamanders Related to Ambystoma jeffersonianum, Science, 1964, vol. 143, pp. 1043–1045.
Mantovani, B. and Scali, V., Hybridogenesis and Androgenesis in the Stick Insect Bacillus rossius-grandii benazzii (Insecta, Phasmatodea), Evolution, 1992, vol. 46, pp. 783–796.
Mantovani, B., Scali, V., and Tinti, F., Allozyme Analysis and Phyletic Relationships of Two New Stick-Insects from North-West Sicily (Bacillus grandii benazzii and B. rossiusgrandii benazzii (Insecta Phasmatodea), J. Evol. Biol., 1991, vol. 4, pp. 279–290.
Maynard Smith, J., The Evolution of Sex, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978. Translated under the title Evolyutsiya polovogo razmnozheniya, Moscow: Mir, 1981.
Mayr, E., Systematics and the Origin of Species from the Viewpoint of Zoologist, New York: Columbia University Press, 1942.
Mayr, E., Animal Speciation and Evolution, Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1963.
Miller, R.R. and Schultz, R.J., All-Female Strains of the Teleost Fishes of the Genus Poeciliopsis, Science, 1959, vol. 130, no. 3389, pp. 1956–1957.
Miyazaki, I., On the Development of Bivalves Belonging to the Genus Corbicula, Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish., 1936, vol. 5, pp. 249–254.
Murakami, M., Matsuba, C., and Fujitani, H., The Maternal Origins of the Triploid Ginbuna Carassius auratus langsdorfi: Phylogenetic Relationships with the Carassius auratus Taxa by Partial Mitochondrial D-Loop Sequencing, Genes Genet. Syst., 2001, vol. 76, pp. 25–32.
Okamato, A. and Arimoto, B., Chromosomes of Corbicula japonica, C. sandai and C. leana (Bivalvia Corbiculidae), Venus, 1986, vol. 45, pp. 194–202.
Sanderson, A.R., The Cytology of a Diploid Bisexual Spider Beetle Ptinus clavipes Panzer and Its Triploid Gynogenetic form mobilis Moor, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh (Ser. B, Biology)., 1960, vol. 67, pp. 333–350.
Scali, V., Un Nuovo Insetto Stecco (Phasmatodea) della Sicilia (Bacillus grandii benazzii (n. subsp.), Frustula Entomol. (New ser.), 1991, vol. 12, pp. 397–408.
Schultz, R.J., Reproductive Mechanism of Unisexual and Bisexual Strains of the Viviparous Fish Poeciliopsis, Evolution, 1961, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 302–325.
Schultz, R.J., Hybridization Experiments with an All-Female Fish of the Genus Poeciliopsis, Biol. Bull., 1966, vol. 130, no. 3, pp. 415–429.
Schultz, R.J., Hybridization, Unisexuality, and Polyploidy in the Teleost Poeciliopsis (Poeciliidae) and Other Vertebrates, Am. Natur., 1969, vol. 108, pp. 605–619.
Schultz, R.J., Evolution and Ecology in Unisexual Fishes, Vol. 10. Evolutionary biology, Hecht, K.M. et al., Eds., New York: Plenum, 1977, pp. 277–331.
Simpson, G.G., Tempo and Mode in Evolution, New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1944. Translated under the title Tempy i formy evolyutsii, Moscow: Gos. izd-vo inostr. lit-ry, 1948.
Sofradžija, A. and Berberovič, L., Diploid-Triploid Sexual Dimorphism in Cobitis taenia taenia L. (Cobitidae, Pisces), Genetica (Ned.), 1978, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 389–397.
Strunnikov, V.A., Obtaining of Bipaternal Androgenetic Hybrids in the Silkworm, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1958, vol. 122, no. 3, pp. 516–519.
Suomalainen, E., Evolution in Parthenogenetic Curculionidae, vol. 3. Evolutionary biology, Dobzhansky, T., et al., Eds., Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1969, pp. 261–296.
Suomalainen, E. and Saura, A., Genetic Polymorphism and Evolution in Parthenogenetic Animals. I. Polyploid Curculionidae, Genetics, 1973, vol. 74, pp. 489–508.
Suomalainen, E., Saura, A., and Lokki, J., Evolution of Parthenogenetic Insects, vol. 9. Evolutionary Viology, Hecht, M. et al., Eds., New York: Plenum, 1976, pp. 209–257.
Timoféeff-Ressovsky, N.W., Genetik und Evolution (Bericht eines Zoologen), Zeitschrift fur induktive Abstammungs- und Vererbungslehre., 1939, vol. 76, pp. 158–218.
Timoféeff-Ressovsky, N.V., Vorontsov, N.N., and Yablokov, A.V., Kratkii ocherk teorii evolyutsii (A Short Outline of Theory of Evolution), Moscow: Nauka, 1969.
Timoféeff-Ressovsky, N.V., Yablokov, A.V., and Glotov, N.V., Ocherk ucheniya o populyatsii (An Essay on the Population Theory), Moscow: Nauka, 1973.
Vasetskii S.G. Meiotic Divisions, Sovremennye problemy oogeneza (Current Problems of Oogenesis), Moscow: Nauka, 1977, pp. 145–173.
Vasil’ev, V.P., Evolyutsionnaya kariologiya ryb (Evolutionary Karyology of Fishes) Moscow: Nauka, 1985.
Vasil’ev, V.P. and Vasil’eva, E.D., A New Diploid-Polyploid Complex in Fish, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1982, vol. 266, no. 1, pp. 250–252.
Vasil’ev, V.P., Lebedeva, E.B., Vasil’eva, E.D., et al., Monoclonal and de novo Arising Tetraploid Forms of the Genus Cobitis (Cobitidae) from Different Clonal-Bisexual Complexes, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 2007, vol. 416, no. 4, pp. 559–562.
Vasil’eva, E.D. and Vasil’ev, V.P., On the Problem of Origin and Txonomic Status of Triploid Form of Goldfish Carassius auratus (Cyprinidae), Vopr. ikhtiol., 2000, vol. 40, pp. 581–592.
Vinogradov, A.E., Borkin, L.J., Gunter, R., et al. Genome Elimination in Diploid and Triploid Rana esculenta Males (Cytological Evidence from DNA Flow Cytometry), Genome, 1990, vol. 33, pp. 619–627.
Vorontsov, N.N., Synthetic Theory of Evolution: Sources, Main Postulates, and Pending Problems, Zh. Vsesoyuz. khim. o-va, 1980, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 295–314.
Vrijenhoek, R.C., Genetic Relationships of Unisexual Hybrid Fishes to Their Progenitors Using Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes as Gene Markers (Poeciliopsis, Poeciliidae), Am. Natur., 1972, vol. 106, no. 952, pp. 754–766.
Zhou, L., Wang, Y., and Gui, J.-F., Genetic Evidence for Gonochoristic Reproduction in Gynogenetic Silver Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch) as Revealed by RAPD Assays, J. Mol. Evol., 2000, vol. 51, pp. 498–506.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © S.D. Grebelnyi, 2009, published in Ontogenez, 2009, vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 185–190.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Grebelnyi, S.D. Unisexual reproduction: Either maternal or paternal inheritance. Russ J Dev Biol 40, 145–149 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062360409030023
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062360409030023