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Crustacea (Branchiopoda) among Organic Remains from Mammoth Hair

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the taxonomic composition of the branchiopod crustaceans (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) from the assemblage of animal and plant remains recovered from fossil mammoth hair found in the Allaikha River basin, Sakha Republic, Russian Federation. We studied the hair structure. AMS radiocarbon dating of both the hair itself and the remains demonstrated their different ages. We found different animal and plant remains in the hair taphocoenosis. The most diverse and numerous remains belong to branchiopod crustaceans: resting eggs and distal portions of the mandibles of Anostraca, distal portions of the mandibles of Notostraca, filtering limbs of some Anostraca or Daphniidae, ephippia of Daphnia (Daphnia) curvirostris, Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) atkinsoni, and D. (C.) magna. No representatives of D. (Ctenodaphnia) now occur in northeastern Eurasia, but our findings of numerous ephippia in the fossil hair of two mammoths, one from the Allaikha River and the other, studied previously, from the Bol’shaya Chukochya River basin (see Kirillova et al., 2016), show that Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) taxa occurred in the region at least in the past and were probably common and widely distributed there. The reasons for the extinction of Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) in northeastern Eurasia require additional special study. We also emphasize the need for further studies of the morphology of ephippia, resting eggs, and mandibles of recent Branchiopoda, which would be essential for adequate identification of Pleistocene remains.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This article is dedicated to the 90th anniversary of Nikolai Nikolaevich Smirnov, to whom the authors are deeply grateful for valuable advice on various issues of the study of modern and fossil crustaceans.

All work on the scanning electron microscope was performed at the Center for Collective Use, Instrumental Methods in Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Ecology, Russian Academy of Sciences. Radiocarbon dating of samples was conducted at the Center for Radiocarbon Dating and Electron Microscopy, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences.

Funding

The study of animal remains was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (branchiopods, project no. 18-04-00398; insects, project no. 19-04-00963). The study of phytoliths was carried out within the framework of a state contract of the Institute of Chemical Physics and Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, project no. AAAA-A18-118013190182-6, and the program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, project no. 55 “Arctic” AAAA-A18-118013190182-3. The study of diatoms was carried out within the framework of the state program to improve the competitiveness of Kazan (Volga) Federal University among the world’s leading scientific and educational centers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia

    A. A. Kotov, A. A. Zharov, O. F. Chernova, A. N. Neretina & E. I. Izyumova

  2. Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Russia

    A. A. Kotov

  3. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334, Moscow, Russia

    A. A. Zharov

  4. Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia

    M. A. Gololobova & E. I. Izyumova

  5. Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 620144, Yekaterinburg, Russia

    S. S. Trofimova & E. V. Zinovyev

  6. Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia

    O. G. Zanina

  7. National Alliance of Shidlovskii “Ice Age”, 129223, Moscow, Russia

    I. V. Kirillova & F. K. Shidlovskiy

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  1. A. A. Kotov
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Correspondence to A. A. Kotov, A. A. Zharov, O. F. Chernova, A. N. Neretina, M. A. Gololobova, S. S. Trofimova, E. V. Zinovyev, E. I. Izyumova, O. G. Zanina, I. V. Kirillova or F. K. Shidlovskiy.

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Kotov, A.A., Zharov, A.A., Chernova, O.F. et al. Crustacea (Branchiopoda) among Organic Remains from Mammoth Hair. Biol Bull Russ Acad Sci 46, 850–863 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359019080065

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