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Interspecific Relationships between the Amur Tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) and Brown (Ursus arctos) and Asiatic Black (Ursus thibetanus) Bears

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Abstract

During the years 1992–2013, we studied the relationship between Amur tigers and brown and Asiatic black bears in the Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve and surrounding areas in the southern part of the Russian Far East. To determine the importance of bears in the diet of tigers, 763 kills were located and identified, and 430 tiger scat samples were collected and analyzed. To detect kills and scat samples, we used radio telemetry and satellite tracking, as well as snow-tracking. Relying on evidence revealed by tracks, as well as radio telemetry, we determined whether bears exploited tiger kills as a food resource and how the two may have interacted at kill sites. Thirty-two Asiatic black bear and 12 brown bear den sites were measured to define properties that might assist in protection from the threat of a tiger attack. We identified 641 instances of marking on trees by both tigers and bears, an indication of the complexity of their relationship. Bears are an important part of the tigers’ diet, representing 2.2% of all kills found. Bear remains were found in 8.4% of examined tiger scat. Bears exploited tiger kills after a tiger had left, by usurping a kill, or by “sharing” a kill at alternate times. The occurrence of den properties that provided some protection from tigers was dependent on the den type and location. Evidence of both tiger and bear marking was detected at 50.1% of marked trees. A review of the literature on the relationship of tigers and bears is provided.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This study was performed under a joint program of the Sikhote-AlinNature Reserve, the Wild Animals Conservation Society, and the Pacific Institute of Geography, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. We thank all the participants of the program for help in collecting the material. We are also grateful to A.A. Astaf’ev, E.A. Pimenova, E.N. Smirnov, M.N. Gromyko, S.V. Sutyrina, O.Yu. Zaumyslova (Sikhote-AlinNature Reserve), and D.G. Pikunov (Pacific Institute of Geography, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences) for administrative support and help.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pacific Geographical Institute, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia

    I. V. Seryodkin & Y. K. Petrunenko

  2. Far Eastern Federal University, 690091, Vladivostok, Russia

    I. V. Seryodkin & D. G. Miquelle

  3. Wildlife Conservation Society, 10460, New York, USA

    D. G. Miquelle

  4. Panthera Foundation, 10018, New York, USA

    J. M. Goodrich

  5. Institute of Biology and Soil Sciences, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia

    A. V. Kostyria

  6. World Wide Fund for Nature, Amur Branch, 690003, Vladivostok, Russia

    A. V. Kostyria

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  1. I. V. Seryodkin
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  2. D. G. Miquelle
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  4. A. V. Kostyria
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Seryodkin, I.V., Miquelle, D.G., Goodrich, J.M. et al. Interspecific Relationships between the Amur Tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) and Brown (Ursus arctos) and Asiatic Black (Ursus thibetanus) Bears. Biol Bull Russ Acad Sci 45, 853–864 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359018080149

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