Abstract
This article discusses the species wealth and ecological and faunogenetic structure of nesting avifauna at three different sites on the Black Sea coast in Abkhazia in the vicinity of the Pitsunda–Mussera Reserve (the Pitsunda Lowland, the Mussera Hills, and the Gudauta Plain) versus the avifauna of the Colchis Lowland in Georgia and the Imereti Lowland in the lower reaches of the Mzymta River in Russia. This comparison has revealed the key biotic, abiotic, and anthropogenic factors that determine the formation of regional faunas. The comparative analysis of the avifauna of the Abkhazian coast in four time spans (the beginning of the 20th century, the middle of the 20th century, the 1960s–1980s, and the beginning of the 21st century) has determined the basic trends of its transformation, the rate of changes being observed, and the sources of the formation of the fauna of separate bird species and the causes of their disappearance. The data obtained were used for predicting the development of the avifauna of Colchis landscapes in Abkhazia for the next 100 years.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abuladze, A.V., Birds, in Fauna tipichnykh biotsenozov Kolkhidskoi nizmennosti (The Fauna of Typical Biocenoses of the Kolkhida Lowland), Tbilisi: Metsniereba, 1984, pp. 127–144.
Abuladze, A.V. and Eligulashvili, V.E., On the European herring gull nesting on Lake Paleostomi, in Vos’maya nauch. konf. molodykh nauch. sotrudnikov i spetsialistov. Kratkoe soderzh. dokl (Abstr. 8th Conf. of Young Scientists and Specialists), Tbilisi, 1989, pp. 59–60.
Abuladze, A., Butjev, W.T., and Lebedeva, E.A., Ablauf und Ringschluβ der Türkentauben—Verbreitung im Kaukasus-Gebiet, Ornithol. Mitteilungen, 1999, vols. 6–7, pp. 233–237.
Ardamatskaya, T.B., The common eider in the Black Sea Region, in Ekologiya i morfologiya gag v SSSR (Ecology and Morphology of Eiders in the Soviet Union), Moscow: Nauka, 1979, pp. 34–37.
Ardamatskaya, T.B., The common eider in the Black Sea Nature Reserve: Abundance, distribution, breeding, and population structure, in Izuchenie ptits SSSR, ikh okhrana i rats. ispol’zovanie. Tez. dokl. 1 S”ezda Vses. ornitol. ob-va i 9 Vses. ornitol. konf. (Bird Study, Protection, and Rational Management in the Soviet Union: Abstr. 1st Congr. All-Union Ornithol. Soc. and 9th All-Union Ornithol. Conf.), Leningrad, 1986, part 1, pp. 39–40.
Belik, V.P., Biotopic distribution and ecological classification of animals, in Chteniya pamyati prof. V.V. Stanchinskogo (Lectures in Memory of Prof. V.V. Stanchinsky), Smolensk, 1992, pp. 13–16.
Belik, V.P., Ptitsy stepnogo Pridon’ya: formirovanie fauny, ee antropogennaya transformatsiya i voprosy okhrany (Birds of the Don Steppes: Development and Anthropogenic Transformation of the Fauna and Conservation Issues), Rostovon-Don: Rostov. Ped. Inst., 2000.
Belik, V.P., Large-scale transformations of eastern European avifauna in the 20th century and their probable causes, Ornitologiya, 2003, no. 30, pp. 25–31.
Belik, V.P., Predation by the northern goshawk and its role in biocenoses, in Yastreb-teterevyatnik. Mesto v ekosistemakh Rossii. Mat-ly k 4 konf. po khishchn. ptitsam Sev. Evrazii (The Northern Goshawk: Role in Ecosystems of Russia. Materials for the 4th Conf. on Birds of Prey in Northern Eurasia), Penza–Rostov, 2003a, pp. 146–168.
Belik, V.P., On the expansion of the pygmy cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmaeus, Pelecaniformes) in southern Russia, Zool. Zh., 2006, vol. 85, no. 7, pp. 859–864.
Belik, V.P., The faunogenetic structure of Palearctic avifauna, Zool. Zh., 2006a, vol. 85, no. 3, pp. 298–316.
Belik, V.P., The short-toed snake eagle in the Northern Caucasus, Strepet (Rostov-on-Don), 2010, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 34–59.
Belik, V.P., Recent transformation of avifauna in the Northwestern Caucasus, in Ornitologiya v Sev. Evrazii. Materialy 13 Mezhd. ornitol. conf. Sev. Evrazii (Ornithology in Northern Eurasia: Proc. 13th Int. Northern Euras. Ornithol. Conf.), Orenburgh, 2010a, pp. 56–57.
Belik, V.P., The eastern olivaceous warbler in the Caucasus, Strepet (Rostov-on-Don), 2012, vol. 10, no. 2, 67–92.
Belik, V.P., On the study of Cetti’s warbler range dynamics in East Europe, Strepet (Rostov-on-Don), 2012a, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 78–92.
Belik, V.P., Recent changes in the avifauna of the northwestern Caucasus and their causes, Tr. Menzbir.. Ornitol. O-va, vol. 2: Pamyati E.N. Kurochkina (In Memory of E.N. Kurochkina), 2013, pp. 208–230.
Belik, V.P., Materials to avifauna of the Pitsunda-Miusserskiy Nature Reserve and its vicinities, Ornitologiya, 2015, vol. 39, pp. 5–47.
Belik, V.P. and Gugueva, E.V., The Cattle Egret, Strepet (Rostov-on-Don), 2012, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 156.
Belik, V.P., Komarov, Yu.E., Muzaev, V.M., et al., The avifauna of southern Russia: the pattern of species presence and distribution by regions, Strepet (Rostov-on-Don), 2006, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 5–35.
Belik, V.P., Vetrov, V.V., and Milobog, Yu.V., New adaptive features in the nesting ecology of the common buzzard in the Northern Caucasus, Strepet (Rostov-on-Don), 2008, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 41–46.
Belik, V.P., Vetrov, V.V., Milobog, Yu.V., and Gugueva, E.V., Colonization of protective forest strips by the white-tailed eagle in the Don basin and Ciscaucasia, Strepet (Rostovon-Don), 2008a, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 113–117.
Belik, V.P., Vetrov, V.V., Milobog, Yu.V. and Malovichko, L.V., The eastern imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca Sav.) nesting in the Stavropol steppes, in Novitni doslidzhennya sokolopodibnikh ta sov. Materialy 3 Mizhnarodn. nauk. konf. “Khizhi ptakhi Ukraini” (New Observations on Falconiform Birds and Owls. Proc. 3rd Sci. Conf. “Birds of Prey in Ukraine”), Kryvyi Rih, 2008b, pp. 25–27.
Bernatskii, G.I., The northern goshawk in Abkhazia, Priroda (Moscow), 1953, no. 12, pp. 114–115.
Bernatskii, G.I., Wintering grounds for the black-legged kittiwake in the Black Sea region, Priroda (Moscow), 1954, no. 2, p. 119.
Bernatskii, G.I., New data on bird wintering: a review of papers and notes submitted to the editorial office, Priroda (Moscow), 1955, no. 7, pp. 107–109.
Bernatskii, G.I., Birds in the Pitsunda Nature Reserve: a preliminary review, Tr. Abkhazsk. Muzeya, 1958, no. 3, pp. 31–81.
Bibby, C., Jones, M., and Marsden, S., Expedition Field Techniques: Bird Surveys, London: Expedition Advisory Centre, 1998. Translated under the title Metody polevykh ekspeditsionnykh issledovanii. Issledovaniya i uchety ptits, Moscow: Soyuz Okhrany Ptits Rossii, 2000.
Dathe, H. and Fischer, W., Zum Vorkommen des Garten baumläufers (Certhia brachydactyla) im Kaukasusgebiet, Beitr. Vogelkd., 1977, vol. 23, pp. 31–32.
Dombrovskii, B.A., Materials for bird study in Kolkhida, Adzharia, and bordering regions, Tr. Kievsk. Ornitol. O-va im. K.F. Kesslera, 1913, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 23–219.
Dorovatovskii, N.S., On the avifauna of Northwestern Transcaucasia, in Trudy Ob-va izucheniya Chernomorsk. poberezh’ya (Proceedings of the Society for Studies of the Black Sea Coast), St. Petersburg, 1913, vol. 1, pp. 67–88.
Fischer, W. and Fischer, M., Ornithologische Beobachtungsergebnisse auf zwei Reisen in den Kaukasus und nach Transkaukasien, Beitr. Vogelkd., 1976, vol. 22, pp. 137–160.
Galvez, R.A., Gavashelishvili, L., and Javakhishvili, Z., Raptors and Owls of Georgia (Field Guide), Tbilisi, 2005.
Jähme, W., Einige Beobachtungsnotizen vom Greifvogelzug an der kaukasischen Schwarzmeerküste, Beitr. Vogelkd., 1965, vol. 10, pp. 348–352.
Khokhlov, A.N. and Il’yukh, M.P., Spring–summer observations of birds in the Imereti Lowlands, Kavkazsk. Ornitol. Vestn. (Stavropol), 2007, no. 19, pp. 125–137.
Khokhlov, A.N., Il’yukh, M.P., Esipenko, L.P., and Gozhko, A.A., The first winter sighting of the western swamphen in the west of Krasnodar krai, Kavkazsk. Ornitol. Vestn. (Stavropol), 2008, no. 20, pp. 203–205.
Kobylin, A.M., Materials on the avifauna of the Caucasus: Kutaisi province, Izv. Kavkazsk. Muzeya, 1908, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 285–335.
Kozlovskii, V.B. and Mamisashvili, K.D., The Pitsunda–Myusera Nature Reserve, in Zapovedniki Sovetskogo Soyuza (Nature Reserves of the Soviet Union), Moscow: Kolos, 1969, pp. 380–382.
Kudashev, A.E., Preliminary list of birds recorded during my observations in the Sochi district of Black Sea province, Ornitol. Vestn., 1916, no. 4, pp. 229–239; 1917, no. 1, pp. 20–36; no. 2, pp. 89–97.
Launits, K.V., Materials on the avifauna of the Caucasian Black Sea coast, Ptitsevedenie i ptitsevodstvo, 1912, vol. 3, nos. 3–4, pp. 1–40.
Lysenko, V.I., Fauna Ukrainy (The Fauna of Ukraine), vol. 5: Ptitsy (Birds), no. 3: Guseobraznye (Anseriformes), Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1991.
MacArthur, R.H. and Wilson, E.O., The Theory of Island Biogeography, Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1967.
Malandziya, V.I., Common firecrest nesting in Abkhazia, Vestn. Zool., 1988, no. 3, p. 87.
Malandziya, V.I., New species in the avifauna of Abkhaza, in Ornitol. Resursy Sev. Kavkaza. Tez. dokl. nauch.-prakt. konf. (Ornithological Resources of the Northern Caucasus: Abstr. Sci.-Pract. Conf.), Stavropol, 1989, pp. 65–67.
Malandziya, V.I., Notes on some rare and poorly studied birds of Abkhazia, in Redkie, malochislennye i maloizuchennye ptitsy Sev. Kavkaza. Materialy nauch.-prakt. konf. (Rare, Sparse, and Poorly Studied Birds of the Northern Caucasus: Proc. Sci.-Pract. Conf.), Stavropol, 1990, pp. 35–40.
Malandziya, V.I., The avifauna of Abkhazia and its protection, Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Biol.) Dissertation, Kiev, 1991.
Malandziya, V.I., On the expansion of the collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) in the Caucasus, Kavkazsk. Ornitol. Vestn. (Stavropol), 1992, no. 4, part 2, pp. 163–164.
Malandziya, V.I., Bird species list of Abkhazia, Kavkazsk. Ornitol. Vestn. (Stavropol), 1992a, no. 4, part 2, pp. 166–174.
Malandziya, V.I., Specific features of the avifauna of Abkhazia, in Materialy Nauch. sessii, posvyashch. 90-letiyu A.A. Kolakovskogo (Proc. Sci. Session Dedicated to the 90th Anniversary of A.A. Kolakovsky), Sukhum, 2000, pp. 82–120.
Malandziya, V.I. and Ivanitskii, A.N., Changes in the vertebrate fauna of Abkhazia and neighboring regions: a retrospective review, Vestn. Akad. Nauk Abkhazii, 2005, no. 1, pp. 262–270.
Malandziya, V.I. and Ratiya, A.V., Effect of hunting pressure on the bird fauna of Lake Mayak, in Biologicheskoe raznoobrazie Kavkaza. Trudy 1 Region. konf. (Biological Diversity of the Caucasus: Proc. 1st Regional Conf.), Sukhum, 2000, pp. 155–161.
Malandziya, V.I. and Til’ba, P.A., Bird fauna and communities of the Ritsa National Park, in Biologicheskoe raznoobrazie Kavkaza. Trudy 3 mezhdunarodn. konf. (Biological Diversity of the Caucasus: Proc. 3rd Int. Conf.), Nalchik, 2004, vol. 1, pp. 171–184.
Mal’chevskii, A.S., On the conservative and dispersive types of population evolution in birds, Zool. Zh., 1968, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 833–842.
Menzbier, M.A., A supplement to the article: Serebrovsky, P.V., “The results of ornithological observations in the Zakataly district of Transcaucasia in 1916,” Nov. Mem. Mosk. O-va Ispyt. Prir., 1925, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 85–89.
Mnatsekanov, R.A., Dinkevich, M.A., Til’ba, P.A., and Korotkii, T.V., New data on sightings of the cattle egret in Krasnodar krai, Strepet (Rostov-on-Don), 2004, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 134–137.
Nesterov, P.V., Materials on the avifauna of Batum region (Southwestern Transcaucasia), Izv. Kavkazsk. Muzeya, 1911, vol. 5, nos. 2–3, pp. 101–163.
Nordmann, A., Catalogue raisonne des oiseaux de la faune Pontique, in Voyage dans la Russie meridionale et la Crimee par Mr. A. Demidoff, Paris, 1840, vol. 3, pp. 67–306.
Perevozov, A.G. and Til’ba, P.A., Birds, in Prirodnye kompleksy Imeretinskoi nizmennosti. Biol. raznoobrazie, sozologicheskaya znachimost’, rekomendatsii po sokhraneniyu (Natural Complexes of the Imereti Lowlands: Biological Diversity, Sozological Significance, and Guidelines for Conservation), Krasnodar, 2008, pp. 61–75.
Pitsunda-Myusserskii zapovednik (The Pitsunda–Myusera Nature Reserve) Moscow: Agropromizdat, 1987.
Plath, L., Ergebnisse ornithologischer Fruhsommerexkursionen am Kap Pizunda, Beitr. Vogelkd., 1986, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 219–231.
Priklonskii, S.G. and Polyakova, A.Ya., The first census data on the harvest of game birds in Georgia in 1963 to 1970, in Nauchnye osnovy okhrany i ratsional’nogo ispol’zovaniya ptits (Scientific Pronciples of Bird Protection and Rational Management), Tr. Okskogo Zapovednika, 1978, no. 14, pp. 280–296.
Prokudin-Gorskii, S.M. http://prokudin-gorskij.narod.ru.
Puzanov, I.I., The avifauna of northwestern Cherkessia and some considerations about its origin and connections, Tr. Zool. Sektora Gruz. Fil. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1938, vol. 2, pp. 125–180.
Puzanov, I.I., Materials for studies on the nature of maritime Cherkessia (with emphasis on avifauna): preliminary communication, Uch. Zap. Gor’k. Gos. Univ., 1949, no. 14, pp. 33–38.
Radde, G.I., Ornitologicheskaya fauna Kavkaza, Ornis Caucasica. Sistematicheskoe i biologo-geograficheskoe opisanie kavkazskikh ptits (Ornithological Fauna of the Caucasus, Ornis Caucasica: Systematic and Biogeographic Description of Caucasian Birds), Tiflis, 1884.
Robel, D., Ornithologische Betrachtungen von Sotschi (UdSSR), Falke, 1986, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 373–378.
Satunin, K.A., On the ornithology of Batum region, Izv. Kavkazsk. Muzeya, 1911, vol. 5, nos. 2–3, pp. 281–289.
Satunin, K.A., On the ornithology of Abkhazia, Ptitsevedenie i Ptitsevodstvo, 1913, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 95–106.
Satunin, K.A., Correstion for the article “On the ornithology of Abkhazia,” Ptitsevedenie i Ptitsevodstvo, 1914, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 170.
Satunin, K.A., Berg, L.S., Kirichenko, A.N., and Muralevich, V.S., The fauna of the Caucasian Black Sea coast, in Trudy Ob-va izucheniya Chernomorsk. poberezh’ya (Proceedings of the Society for Studies of the Black Sea Coast), St. Petersburg, 1913, vol. 2.
Sauerland, K.-E., Ornithologische Beobachtungen bei Gudauta am Schwarzen Meer, Beitr. Vogelkd., 1967, vol. 13, pp. 115–116.
Schmidt, K., Ornithologische Beobachtungen in Georgien, Beitr. Vogelkd., 1986, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 208–218.
Shavrov, N.N., An extinct bird wintering ground in the vicinity of Poti, Izv. Kavkazsk. Otd. Ross. Geogr. O-va, 1907, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 200–226.
Stakhovs’kii, V.V., Materials for studies on the avifauna of the Caucasian Black Sea coast, Nauk. Zap. Dnipropetr. Gos. Univ., 1938, vol. 1, pp. 65–76.
Stepanyan, L.S., Konspekt ornitologicheskoi fauny Rossii i sopredel’nykh territorii (v granitsakh SSSR kak istoricheskoi oblasti) (Synopsis of the Avifauna of Russia and Neighboring Countries within the Borders of the Soviet Union as a Historical Region), Moscow: Akademkniga, 2003.
Tel’pova, V.V., Processes of synanthropization and urbanization of thrushes in central Ciscaucasia, in Gornye ekosistemy i ikh komponenty. Trudy mezhdunarodn. konf. (Mountain Ecosystems and Their Components: Proc. Int. Conf.), Nalchik, 2005, pp. 118–123.
Til’ba, P.A., The common firecrest in the Western Caucasus, Kavkazsk. Ornitol. Vestn. (Stavropol), 1996, no. 8, pp. 146–148.
Til’ba, P.A., The avifauna of Imereti Lowlands: 1. Nonpasserines, Kavkazsk. Ornitol. Vestn. (Stavropol), 1999, no. 11, pp. 166–204.
Til’ba, P.A., The avifauna of Imereti Lowlands: 2. Passeriformes, Kavkazsk. Ornitol. Vestn. (Stavropol), 2001, no. 13, pp. 111–138.
Til’ba, P.A., On the avifauna of the Pitsunda–Myusera Nature Reserve, in Probl. razvitiya biologii i ekologii na Sev. Kavkaze. Materialy nauch. konf. “Universitetskaya Nauka–regionu” (Problems in the Development of Biology and Ecology in the Northern Caucasus: Proc. Sci. Conf. “University Science for the Region”), Stavropol, 2004, pp. 167–170.
Til’ba, P.A., The avifauna of Sochi National Park, in Inventarizatsiya osnovnykh taksonomich. grupp i soobshchestv, sozologicheskie issledovaniya Sochinsk. nats. parka—pervye itogi pervogo v Rossii nats. parka (An Inventory of Basic Taxonomic Groups and Communities and Sozological Studies in the Sochi National Park: The First Results from the Russia’s First National Park), Nauch. Trudy Sochinsk. Nats. Parka, Moscow: Prestizh, 2006, vol. 2, pp. 226–270.
Til’ba, P.A., Some rare and poorly studied bird species in southeastern Krasnodar krai, Strepet (Rostov-on-Don), 2007, vol. 5, nos. 1–2, pp. 5–18.
Til’ba, P.A., Amendments to the avifauna of Sochi National Park, in Felitsinskie chteniya–XI. Prirodno-ekolog. sektsiya. Materialy regional’n. nauch. konf. (XI Felitsyn Memorial Lectures: Natural Ecological Selection, Proc. Regional Sci. Conf.), Krasnodar, 2009, pp. 120–125.
Til’ba, P.A. and Kudaktin, A.N., The wood pigeon as a game bird on the Caucasian Black Sea coast, in Resursy zhivotnogo mira Sev. Kavkaza. Tez. dokl. nauch.-prakt. konf (Animal Resources of the Northern Caicasus: Abstr. Sci.-Pract. Conf.), Stavropol, 1988, pp. 149–152.
Til’ba, P.A. and Malandziya, V.I., Birds, in Ritsinskii reliktovyi natsional’nyi park (The Ritsa Relict National Park), Sochi: Prospekt, 2005, pp. 106–130.
Tyulin, N., Report on the excursion along the coastal zone of Abkhazia in 1904, Tr. St.-Peterb. O-va Estestvoisp., 1906, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 124–131.
Vil’konskii, F.V., Report on ornithological studies in Kutaisi province in 1893, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Nov. Ser., 1894, vol. 7, pp. 497–504.
Vil’konskii, F.V., The avifauna of Adjara, Guria, and northeastern Lazistan, in Materialy k poznaniyu fauny i flory Ross. imperii. Otd. zool. (Materials for the Study of Fauna and Flora of the Russian Empire: Zoology), Moscow, 1897, vol. 3, pp. 1–121.
Zhordaniya, R.G., Birds of the Kolkhida Lowland, Tr. Tbilissk. Gos. Univ., 1977, vol. 192, pp. 109–115.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © V.P. Belik, 2015, published in Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 2015, Vol. 94, No. 6, pp. 681–700.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Belik, V.P. Transformation Processes of Fauna of the Abkhazian Coast in the Caucasus and Possible Causes and Mechanisms. Biol Bull Russ Acad Sci 44, 710–727 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359017070032
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359017070032